Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamäe Site, Estonia
(Sprache: Englisch)
In its present condition, the dam of the tailings pond is less stable than is recommended by international practice. A surveillance system has been established to observe both vertical and horizontal soil movement and the buildup of stresses in the soil....
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In its present condition, the dam of the tailings pond is less stable than is recommended by international practice. A surveillance system has been established to observe both vertical and horizontal soil movement and the buildup of stresses in the soil. The stability of the dam depends primarily on erosion by shore processes and the consequent reduction of the counterbalance, as well as the reduction in strength of the Cambrian clay underlying the dam caused by creep and by water percolating to the bottom of the pond. The most critical need is to enlarge the counterbalance and to stop erosion. The surveillance system should be supplemented with a system of inclinometers. Monitoring of coastal processes should be continued. At present, the hydrodynamic stress on the dam is minimal because the pebble layer allows drainage of water out of the tailings pond and into the sea. The regulatory requirement to end emissions into the Baltic Sea must be met without causing undesirable hydrodynamic stresses on the dam. This could be done by covering the pond and diverting precipitation water. 9. References I. Report on Topographic-Geodetic Studies at the Tailings Pond. 1965, No. A-4-01187 (in Russian). 2. Report on Geotechnical Studies at the Tailings Pond of Plant PO Box 22. 1965, No. 64691 (in Russian). 3. Report on Topographic-Geodetic and Geotechnical Studies at the Thennal Power Plant's Ash Impoundment. 1976, No. 15740 (in Russian). 4. Technical Report on Topographic Planning of the Thennal Power Plant's Ash Impoundment. 1979, No.
The Sillam Metallurgy Plant in Estonia was managed by the USSR Ministry of Medium-Scale Engineering and was built in 1946 to produce uranium metal from local shales. After these were found to be unsatisfactory, uranium ores were imported. Part of the plant was converted in the 1980s to produce rare earth oxides and niobium and tantalum from imported ores and concentrates. Uranium production on the site ceased in 1990. Environmental liabilities at Sillam include a large pond, located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, containing tailings from the metals processing and oil shale ash from power production. The pond's dike must be stabilised, and dust emissions, uranium and nitrate leaching must be addressed to bring the site into compliance with environmental regulations. Wastes from current processing are still being discharged to the pond, and this must cease by the end of 2002. Remediation is estimated to cost USD 22.5 million. The present volume collects information on the current situation at Sillam and potential solutions to its problems, based on similar experience elsewhere. A great deal of oil shale ash is present at the site and solutions to this problem may well be applicable to other sites in surrounding areas. The plant itself was closed to ethnic Estonians during the USSR's management, being populated predominantly by ethnic Russians. The technical problems are thus also addressed in broad context, meaning that the volume will also be useful to urban planners, economists and others.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamäe Site, Estonia “
Acknowledgments; C.K. Rofer, T. Kaasik. Introduction and Recommendations; C.K. Rofer, T. Kaasik. Introductory Material: The Situation at Sillamäe. Industrial Complex in Northeast Estonia: Technical, Economic and Environmental Aspects; M. Veiderma. Uranium Processing at Sillamäe and decommissioning of the Tailings; E. Lippmaa, E. Maremäe. Sillamäe - A Common Baltic Concern; J.O. Snihs. Master Plant for Remediation of the Sillamäe Tailings Pond and Technical Design Project; T. Kaasik. Site Monitoring; V. Nosov. Stability of the Dam at the Sillamäe Tailings Pond; M. Mets, H. Torn. Process Flow Sheet; V. Petrenko, A. Siinmaa. Rare Earth Production at the Sillamäe Plant, 1969-1991 and the Possibility of Scandium Extraction from Loparite; V.D. Kosynkin, V.J. Nikonov. Indoor Occupational Exposure to Radiation at the Silmet Plant in Estonia: A Preliminary Assessment; R. Mustonen, et al. Experience with Uranium Tailings in Other Countries. Remediation of the Former Uranium Mine Ranstad; B. Sundblad. Remediation of Tailings Dams; A.G. Benckert. Remediation Concepts for Uranium Mining Operations in CEEC: A Phare Multi-Country Environmental Sector Programme; J. Vrijen. WISMUT Experience in Remediation of Uranium Mill Tailings Ponds; A.T. Jakubick and M. Hagen. Post-Remediation Monitoring and Maintenance Experience at Uranium Mill Tailings Sites, United States; C.A. Jones, et al. Current State of Remediation of Tailings Ponds and Their Surroundings in Hungary; I. Benkovics, et al. The Environmental Impact of Former Uranium Mining Activities at the Novoveska Huta site, Slovakia; M. Kosik. A `Heritage' from Uranium Mining in Poland; Z. Waclawek, et al. A Field Study of Capillary and HydraulicBarriers in Landfill Covers Varying in Slope at Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; J.W. Nyhan, et al. Regulatory and Legal Issues. Estonian Radiation Protection Requirements and the Sillamäe Site; E. Realo. Legal Responsibility and Liability for the
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Sillamäe Site; G. Hedelius. Regulations and Requirements &endash; Swedish Approach; J.O. Snihs. Nordic Experience with Environmental Regulations; K. Brodén. Assessment of Options. Outline of a Multiattribute Utility Approach to Development of a Waste Management Strategy at Sillamäe; P.C. Anselmo. The Potential for Economic Recovery of Metals from the Sillamäe Site; G.A. Davis. Applicable Technologies. Oil Shale Ash: Its Characterization and Possible Use in Remediation at the Sillamäe Site; T. Laur, V. Kikas. Types of Oil Shale Ash and Methods for Increasing Their Reactivity; R. Kuusik, T. Kaljuvee. Utilization of Semi-Coke for Energy Production; J. Uustalu. Magnetic Separation for Rare Earth Oxide Recovery at Sillamäe, Estonia; L.M. Worl, et al. Purification and Utilization of Waste Waters from Silmet Plant Containing Ammonium Salts; G. Rajalo, et al. New Approaches for the Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials; L.M.M. Roelofs, R.B. Wiegers.Ash Cements Stabilized by Supercritical Co2 Carbonation for Tailings Pond Overlayer; J.B. Rubin, et al. A Novel Chemical Nitrate Destruction Process; J. Dziewinski, S. Marczak.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- 2000, 296 Seiten, Masse: 16 x 24,1 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Herausgegeben: Tönis Kaasik, Cheryl K. Rofer
- Verlag: Springer Netherlands
- ISBN-10: 0792361865
- ISBN-13: 9780792361862
- Erscheinungsdatum: 31.08.2000
Sprache:
Englisch
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