The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life

Mulsow, Colleen Reichmuth, Dorian Houser, and James J. Finneran 17
- Hearing in Birds: What Changes From Air to Water Robert J. Dooling and Sara C. Therrien 18
- Amphibious Hearing in Sea Turtles Wendy E. Dow Piniak, David A. Mann, Scott A. Eckert, and Craig A. Harms 19
- Hearing Capabilities of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) Throughout Ontogeny Ashley L. Lavender, Soraya M. Bartol, and Ian K. Bartol 20
- Are Sharks Even Bothered by a Noisy Environment?

Brandon M. Casper, Michele B. Halvorsen, and Arthur N. Popper 21
- Optimal Auditory Sensitivity Under Variable Background Noise Conditions: A Theoretical Model Marco Lugli 22
- A Critical Reevaluation of the Role of Acoustic Pressure in Source Localization by Fish Peter H. Rogers, James S. Martin, and John R. Bogle 23
- Vibration of the Otoliths in a Teleost Carl R. Schilt, Ted W. Cranford, Petr Krysl, Robert E. Shadwick, and Anthony D. Hawkins 24
- Hearing Sensitivity of the Painted Goby, Pomatoschistus pictus Marta Bolgan, Silvia S. Pedroso, Raquel O. Vasconcelos, Joana M. Jordão, M. Clara P. Amorim, and Paulo J. Fonseca 25
- Acoustic Communication in Pomatoschistus spp.: A Comparison Between Closely Related Species Silvia S. Pedroso, Marta Bolgan, Joana M. Jordão, Paulo J. Fonseca, and M. Clara P. Amorim 26
- The Importance of Hearing for Survival of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) in an Experimental Predator/Prey Environment Rikke Agner Jørgensen, Christian Brandt, Magnus Wahlberg, and Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard 27
- Lateral Line Canal Morphology and Noise Reduction Adrian T. Klein and Horst Bleckmann 28
- Potential for Sound Sensitivity in Cephalopods T. Aran Mooney, Roger Hanlon, Peter T. Madsen, Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard, Darlene R. Ketten, and Paul E. Nachtigall 29
- Listening in Noise Richard R. Fay 30
- Discovery of Sound in the Sea: An On-line Resource Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa, Gail Scowcroft, James H. Miller, and Darlene Ketten

Section 3 - Sound Production by Aquatic Animals 31
- Whistles of Bottlenose Dolphins: Group Repertoires and Geographic Variations in Brazilian Waters Lisa S. Hoffmann, Elton Ferlin, Pedro F. Fruet, Rodrigo C. Genovês, Fernanda P. Valdez, Juliana Di Tullio, Glauco Caon, and Thales R. Freitas 32
- Detection and Classification of Vocalizations for the Study of Marine Mammal Distributions in the Chukchi Sea David Hannay 33
- Acoustic Ecology and Behavior of Minke Whales in the Hawaiian and Marianas Islands: Localization, Abundance Estimation and Characterization of Minke Whale "Boings"

Thomas Norris, Stephen Martin, Len Thomas, Tina Yack, Julie N. Oswald, Eva-Marie Nosal, and Vincent Janik 34
- What You See Is Not What You Hear: The Relationship Between Odontocete Echolocation Click Production and Hearing Laura N. Kloepper, Paul E. Nachtigall, and Marlee Breese 35
- Sound Production and Reception in Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) Asila Ghoul and Colleen Reichmuth 36
- Nocturnal Acoustic Activity in the Shallow Waters of the WWF-Miramare Natural Marine Reserve (Trieste, Italy) Antonio Codarin, Marta Picciulin, Linda Sebastianutto, Giuliana Calcagno, Maurizio Spoto, and Enrico A. Ferrero 37
- Acoustic Ecology of the California Mantis Shrimp (Hemisquilla californiensis) Erica R. Staaterman, Christopher W. Clark, Austin J. Gallagher, Thomas Claverie, Maya S. deVries, and Sheila N. Patek 38
- Influence of Turbidity on the Incidence of Sound Production in Atlantic Croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina Cecilia S. Krahforst, John P. Walsh, Mark W. Sprague, Devon O. Eulie, D. Reide Corbett, and Joseph J. Luczkovich 39
- Propagation of Lusitanian Toadfish Sounds in Estuarine Shallow Waters Andreia Ramos, M. Clara P. Amorim, and Paulo J. Fonseca 40
- Sound Production in Some Physostomous Fish Species and Effects of Biological Sounds on Fish Michail Y. Kuznetsov and Yury A. Kuznetsov 41
- Is Biological Sound Production Important in the Deep Sea?

Rodney A. Rountree, Francis Juanes, Clifford A. Goudey, and Kenneth E. Ekstrom 42
- Unusual and Unexpected Biological Noisemakers in the Irish Sea and St. George's Channel Rodney Coates, Gillian A. Coates, Rachel Porter, Andrew Davies, and Dylan Evans

Section 4 - Physiological Effects of Sounds 43
- Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: From Animal Models to Human Trials Colleen G. Le Prell 44
- Auditory Effects of Underwater Noise in Odontocetes James J. Finneran 45
- Implementation of Acoustic Dosimeters With Recoverable Month-Long GPS/TDR Tags to Interpret Controlled-Exposure Experiments for Large Whales Bruce R. Mate 46
- Marine Mammal Auditory System Noise Impacts:  Evidence and Incidence Darlene R. Ketten 47
- Effect of Broadband Sounds on the Auditory Evoked Potential Thresholds in the Beluga Whale Vladimir V. Popov and Alexander Y. Supin 48
- The ESME Workbench: Simulating the Impact of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals David C. Mountain, David Anderson, Andrew Brughera, Matthew Cross, Dorian S. Houser, Nael Musleh, Michael Porter, and Martin Siderius 49
- Using EarLab to Study Masking Due to Anthropogenic Sound David C. Mountain, David Anderson, and Andrew Brughera 50
- Portable Auditory Evoked Potential System to Assess Odontocete Hearing Aude F. Pacini, Paul E. Nachtigall, and Laura N. Kloepper 51
- Barotrauma in Fish and Barotrauma Metrics Thomas J. Carlson 52
- Assessment of Barotrauma Injury and Cumulative Sound Exposure Level on Salmon After Exposure to Impulsive Sound Michele B. Halvorsen, Brandon M. Casper, Thomas J. Carlson, Christa M. Woodley, and Arthur N. Popper 53
- Shipboard Assessment of Hearing Sensitivity of Tropical Fishes Immediately After Exposure to Seismic Air Gun Emissions at Scott Reef Mardi C. Hastings and Jennifer Miksis-Olds 54
- A Lack of Correlation Between Air Gun Signal Pressure Waveforms and Fish Hearing Damage Robert D. McCauley and Chandra Salgado Kent 55
- Effects of Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Boat Noise on Cortisol Levels in Juvenile Fish Ilaria Spiga, Joe Fox, and Robert Benson 56
- Potential Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Boat Noise on the Growth, Survival, and Nutrient Retention in Juvenile Fish Ilaria Spiga, Joe Fox, and Robert Benson 57
- Predicting Hearing Loss in Fishes Michael E. Smith 58
- Effects of Pile-Driving Noise on Oncorhynchus mykiss (Steelhead Trout) Richard Oestman and Christopher J. Earle

Section 5 - Anthropogenic Sounds and Behavior 59
- Controlled Exposure Study of Dolphins and Sea Lions to Midfrequency Sonarlike Signals Dorian Houser, Laura Yeates, Daniel Crocker, Stephen W. Martin, and James J. Finneran 60
- A Direct Comparison of Bottlenose Dolphin and Common Dolphin Behavior During Seismic Surveys When Air Guns Are and Are Not Being Utilized Sarah B. Barry, Anna C. Cucknell, and Nicola Clark 61
- Behavioral Reactions of Harbor Porpoise to Pile-Driving Noise Jakob Tougaard, Line A. Kyhn, Mats Amundin, Daniel Wennerberg, and Carolina Bordin 62
- Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Miriam J. Brandt, Ansgar Diederichs, Klaus Betke, and Georg Nehls 63
- Evaluating the Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Phocoena phocoena (Harbor Porpoise) by Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring Klaus Lucke, Michael Dähne, Sven Adler, Anja Brandecker, Kathrin Krügel, Janne K. Sundermeyer, and Ursula Siebert 64
- Effects of Underwater Explosions on Presence and Habitat Use of Harbor Porpoises in the German Baltic Sea Janne K. Sundermeyer, Klaus Lucke, Michael Dähne, Anja Gallus, Kathrin Krügel, and Ursula Siebert 65
- Behavioral-Response Studies: Problems With Statistical Power Rebecca A. Dunlop, Michael J. Noad, and Douglas H. Cato 66
- Detection and Tracking of Whales Using a Shipborne, 360° Thermal-Imaging System Elke Burkhardt, Lars Kindermann, Daniel Zitterbart, and Olaf Boebel 67
- Distribution of Bowhead Whale Calls Near an Oil Production Island With Fluctuating Underwater Sound W. John Richardson, Trent L. McDonald, Charles R. Greene, Jr., Susanna B. Blackwell, and Bill Streever 68
- Assessment of the Effect of Natural and Anthropogenic Aquatic Noise on Vaquita (Phocoena sinus) Through a Numerical Simulation Giovanni Castellazzi, Petr Krysl, Lorenzo Rojas, and Ted W. Cranford 69
- Impacts of Anthropogenic Sounds on Phocoena phocoena (Harbor Porpoise) Ronald Kastelein and Nancy Jennings 70
- Changes in Vocal Behavior of North Atlantic Right Whales in Increased Noise Susan E. Parks, Mack P. Johnson, Douglas P. Nowacek, and Peter L. Tyack 71
- Acoustic Compensation to Shipping and Air Gun Noise by Mediterranean Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) Manuel Castellote, Christopher W. Clark, and Marc O. Lammers 72
- Long-Term Monitoring of Anthropogenic Noise and Its Relationship to Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Distribution in the Cres-Losinj Archipelago, Northern Adriatic, Croatia Nikolina Rako, Marta Picciulin, Peter Mackelworth, Drasko Holcer, and Caterina Maria Fortuna 73
- Does Vessel Noise Affect the Use of Sound by Foraging Orcinus orca (Killer Whales)?

Marla M. Holt, Dawn P. Noren, and Candice K. Emmons 74
- Do Silent Ships See More Fish? Comparison of a Noise-Reduced and a Conventional Research Vessel in Alaska Alex De Robertis, Christopher D. Wilson, and Neal J. Williamson 75
- Behavioral Observations of Baleen Whales in Proximity of a Modern Fishing Vessel Matteo Bernasconi, Ruben Patel, and Leif Nøttestad 76
- Assessing Effects of an Acoustic Marine Geophysical Survey on the Locomotive Behavior of Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus Sylvia E. van der Woude 77
- Acoustic Monitoring of Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Cook Inlet, Alaska Marc O. Lammers, Robert Small, Shannon Atkinson, Manuel Castellote, Justin Jenniges, Anne Rosinski, Sue Moore, Chris Garner, and Whitlow W. L. Au 78
- Soundscape of a Nearshore Coral Reef Near an Urban Center Whitlow W. L. Au, Michael Richlen, and Marc O. Lammers 79
- Gap Durations in Ambient Noise Impact the Communication Range of Harp Seals: A Pilot Study John M. Terhune 80
- Importance of Underwater Sounds for Migration of Fish and Aquatic Mammals Ilse van Opzeeland and Hans Slabbekoorn 81
- Behavioral Responses of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) to Recreational Boat Sounds Lori A. Lester, Edward A. Standora, Walter F. Bien, and Harold W. Avery 82
- Peter A. Cott, David A. Mann, Dennis M. Higgs, Tom A. Johnston, and John M. Gunn 83
- Impacts of River-Based Air Gun Seismic Activity on Northern Fishes Peter A. Cott, Arthur N. Popper, David A. Mann, John K. Jorgenson, and Bruce W. Hanna 84
- Effects of Underwater Noise on Larval settlement Jenni A. Stanley, Craig A. Radford, and Andrew G. Jeffs 85
- Does Vessel Noise Change the Calling Rate and Intensity of Soniferous Fishes?

Joseph J. Luczkovich, Cecilia S. Krahforst, and Mark W. Sprague 86
- Behavioral Responses of Captive Herring to Sonar Signals (1-1.6
- kHz) of a Naval Frigate Throughout a Yearly Cycle Lise Doksæter, Petter H. Kvadsheim, Nils O. Handegard, Nina Nordlund, and Olav R. Godø 87
- Acoustic Tagging: A Suitable Method for the Study of Natural Herring Behavior Around Spawning?

Lise Langård, Arne Johannessen, Anders Fernö, Leif Nøttestad, Georg Skaret, Aril Slotte, Jostein Røttingen, and Jan T. Øvredal 88
- The Effects of Pile Driving on the Behavior of Cod and Sole Frank Thomsen, Christina Mueller-Blenkle, Andrew Gill, Julian Metcalfe, Peter K. McGregor, Victoria Bendall,  Mathias H. Andersson, Peter Sigray, and Daniel Wood 89
- A Novel Field Study Setup to Investigate the Behavior of Fish Related to Sound Christina Mueller-Blenkle, Andrew B. Gill, Peter K. McGregor, Mathais H. Andersson, Peter Sigray, Victoria Bendall, Julian Metcalfe, and Frank Thomsen 90
- Do Ocean-Based Wind Farms Alter the Migration Pattern in the Endangered European Silver Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Due to Noise Disturbance?

Mathias H. Andersson, Ingvar Lagenfelt, and Peter Sigray 91
- Effects of Vessel Engine Noise on the Acoustic Signaling Behavior of Dascyllus albisella (Hawaiian Damselfish) Pollyanna I. Fisher-Pool, Marc O. Lammers, and Lisa M. Munger 92
- Distribution and Potential Impact of Boat Noise on Fish Sound Production From an Autonomous Acoustic Array in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico Carrie C. Wall, Peter Simard, and David A. Mann 93
- Cichlid Courtship Acoustics: Signals and Noise Influence Reproductive Behavior Hans Slabbekoorn, Machteld Verzijden, and Christina May 94
- Using Catch Statistics to Investigate effects of Seismic Activity on Fish Catch Rates Aud Vold, Sven Løkkeborg, and Maria M. Tenningen 95
- Effects of Sounds From Seismic Air Guns on Fish Behavior and Catch Rates Svein Løkkeborg, Egil Ona, Aud Vold, and Are Salthaug

Section 6 - Population Effects 96
- A Bioenergetics Approach to Developing a Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance Model Daniel P. Costa 97
- Energetic Cost of Behaviors Performed in Response to Vessel Disturbance: One Link in the Population Consequences of Acoustic Disturbance Model Dawn P. Noren, Robin C. Dunkin, Terri M. Williams, and Marla M. Holt

Section 7 - Anthropogenic Sound Sources and Their Measurement 98
- A Common Sense Approach to Source Metrics William T. Ellison and Adam S. Frankel 99
- Underwater Sounds from Unattenuated and Attenuated Marine Pile Driving James Reyff 100
- What is the Source Level of Pile-Driving Noise in Water?

Michael A. Ainslie, Christ A. F. de Jong, Stephen P. Robinson, and Paul A. Lepper 101
- Ground Roll Waves as a Potential Influence on Fish: Measurement and Analysis Techniques Richard A. Hazelwood 102
- Assessment of Cumulative Sound Exposure Levels for Marine Piling Events Paul A. Lepper, Stephen P. Robinson, Michael A. Ainslie, Pete D. Theobald, and Christ A. F. de Jong 103
- Modeling the Propagation of Transient Sounds in Very Shallow Water Using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Calculations Mark W. Sprague and Joseph J. Luczkovich 104
- Proximate Measurements of Acoustic Emissions Associated with the Installation and Operation of an Exploration Jack-up Drilling Rig in the North Sea Victoria L. G. Todd and Paul R. White 105
- Measurement of Underwater Noise Arising From Marine Aggregate Operations Stephen P. Robinson, Pete D. Theobald, Paul A. Lepper, Gary Hayman, Victor F. Humphrey, Lian-Sheng Wang, and Samantha Mumford 106
- Svein Vaage Broadband Air Gun Study Anders Mattsson, Gregg Parkes, and David Hedgeland 107
- Cetacean Hearing-Damage Zones Around a Seismic Source Robert Laws 108
- Modeling Cumulative Sound Exposure Over Large Areas, Multiple Sources, and Long Durations Christine Erbe 109
- Sound Recording Systems for Measuring Sound Levels During Seismic Surveys Jan Tore Øvredal and Bjorn Totland 110
- First Description of the Sound Pressure and Particle Velocity Components of the Ambient Noise and Boat Noise Recorded at the WWF-Miramare Natural Marine Reserve, Trieste, Italy Angelo Farina, Adriano Farina, Enrico Armelloni, Linda Sebastianutto, Carlo Franzosini, and Marta Picciulin 111
- Underwater Particle Acceleration Induced by a Wind Turbine in the Baltic Sea Peter Sigray and Mathias H. Andersson 112
- Is the Ocean Really Getting Louder?

Michael Stocker, Tom Reuterdahl

Section 8 - Science, Regulation and Sound Exposure Criteria 113
- The Complexity of Noise Impact Assessments: From Birdsong to Fish Behavior Hans Slabbekoorn 114
- Extrapolating Beyond Chinchillas: Behavioral Response Ambiguity Through the Lens of Variable Human Responses to Moderate Wind Farm Noise Jim Cummings 115
- Underwater Noise Effects From Wave Energy Devices on Marine Mammals: A Possible Approach Sofia Patricio 116
- Physical Biologists and Biological Physicists: Combining Biology and Physics in Research on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life Douglas H. Cato 117
- "So, Am I Correct in My Understanding That a Decibel Is the Same as a Hertz?": The Quest for Informed, Objective Environmental Impact Analysis of Marine Anthropogenic Noise John F. Polglaze 118
- Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation: Effect on a Noise Budget James H. Miller, Gopu R. Potty, Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa, David Casagrande, Lisa A. Miller, Jeffrey A. Nystuen, Peter M. Scheifele, and John G. Clark 119
- Development and Implementation of Criteria for Exposure of Western Gray Whales to Oil and Gas Industry Noise Douglas P. Nowacek, Alexander Vedenev, Brandon L. Southall, and Roberto Racca 120
- Strategic Assessment of the Risk Posed to Marine Mammals by the Use of Air Guns in the Antarctic: Concepts, Methods, Results, and Controversies Olaf Boebel, Monika Breitzke, Elke Burkhardt, and Horst Bornemann 121
- Establishing a Safety Zone for Marine Mammals due to Underwater Blasting Norm Broner and Mike Huber 122
- The Marine Mammal Protection Act: A Regulatory Approach to Identifying and Minimizing Acoustic-Related Impacts on Marine Mammals Jaclyn N. Daly and Jolie Harrison 123
- Noise-Related Stress and Cumulative Impact Assessment Andrew J. Wright 124
- Interim Criteria for Injury to Fish From Pile-Driving Activities: Recent Experiences Richard Rodkin, Keith Pommerenck, and James Reyff 125
- Marine Mammal Acoustics Exposure Analysis Models Used in US Navy Environmental Impact Statements Douglas Wartzok, Christine Erbe, Wayne M. Getz, and Jeanette Thomas 126
- Status of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Guidelines for Assessing Impacts of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals Amy R. Scholik-Schlomer 127
- Regulatory Assessments of the Effects of Noise: Moving From Threshold Shift and Injury to Behavior Craig E. Johnson 128
- United States Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement: Filling Data Gaps to Better Understand the Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on Marine Life Jill Lewandowski, Elizabeth Burkhard, Kimberly Skrupky, and Deborah Epperson 129
- Regulation of Sound in the Ocean: Recent and Future Possible Changes Mark L. Tasker 130
- Marine Bioacoustics and the Regulation of Fisheries Yury A. Kuznetsov, Lev N. Bocharov, Valeriy N. Akulin, and Michail Y. Kuznetsov 131
- Update From the OEER Association on Research Findings Associated With the Assessment of the Impacts of Seismic Exploration on Marine Invertebrates Jennifer M. Matthews 132
- Managing Underwater Noise in European Waters: Implementing the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Mark Tasker, Mats Amundin, Michel Andre, Anthony D. Hawkins, William Lang, Thomas Merck, Amy Scholik-Schlomer, Jonas Teilmann, Frank Thomsen, Stefanie Werner, and Manell Zakharia

Section 9 - Monitoring, Management and Mitigation 133
- Acoustic-Based Cetacean Detection in Irish Waters Eugene McKeown 134
- Real-Time Monitoring of Noise in Cetacean Acoustic Niches  Michel André, Mike van der Schaar, Serge Zaugg, Ludwig Houégnigan, Antonio Sánchez, Alex Mas, and Joan V. Castell 135
- What Does Ecosystem Acoustics Reveal About Marine Mammals in the Bering Sea?

Jennifer L. Miksis-Olds, Jeffrey A. Nystuen, and Susan E. Parks 136
- Ship Traffic Noise Distribution in the Strait of Gibraltar: An Exemplary Case for Monitoring Global Ocean Noise With Real-Time Technology Now Available for Understanding the Effects of Noise on Marine Life Thomas Folegot 137
- Are There Technological Alternatives to Air Guns for Oil and Gas Exploration to Reduce Potential Noise Impacts on Cetaceans?

Linda Weilgart 138
- Modeling Cumulative Sound Exposure Along a Seismic Line to Assess the Risk of Seismic Research Surveys on Marine Mammals in the Antarctic Treaty Area Monika Breitzke and Thomas Bohlen 139
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Marine Mammal Risk Mitigation Principles and Guidelines Kendra L. Ryan and Stephane Jespers 140
- Mitigating Impacts of Underwater Noise From Dredging on Beluga Whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska Christopher A. Hoffman 141
- Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life Joint Industry Programme: Research Progress and Applications Jennifer L. Michael, John Campbell, David Hedgeland, Michael Jenkerson, H. Rodger Melton, Lori Notor, Russell D. Tait, Sarah L. Tsoflias, and Gary Wolinsky 142
- Managing Anthropogenic Underwater Noise in the Northwest Territories, Canada   Bruce W. Hanna, Peter A. Cott, Amanda A. Joynt, and Lois Harwood 143
- SIRENA '10 - Beyond the Mediterranean Jeffery Haun, Kendra Ryan, Arnold B-Nagy 144
- Planning is Critical to Ensure Effective Mitigation of Naval Activities Sarah J. Dolman 145
- Standardizing Protected Species Observer Requirements in the United States Kyle Baker, Deborah Epperson, Howard Goldstein, Kimberly Skrupky, Brad Smith, Gregg Gitschlag, Jill Lewandowski, and Teresa Turk 146
- Using Passive Acoustics to Monitor the Presence of Marine Mammals During Naval Exercises Anurag Kumar,  Jene Nissen, Joel Bell, and Mandy Shoemaker 147
- Development of a National Database and Standards for Protected Species Observer Data in the United States of America Howard Goldstein, Deborah Epperson, Kyle Baker, Kimberly Skrupky, Brad Smith, Gregg Gitschlag, J Lewandowski, and Teresa Turk 148
- Coordinated Management of Anthropogenic Noise From Offshore Construction off Sakhalin Island for Protection of the Western Gray Whale Roberto Racca

Section 10 - Workshops and Concluding Remarks 149
- Workshop 1: Risk Analysis Thomas J. Carlson, Christ de Jong, and Rene P. A. Dekeling 150
- Workshop 2: Long-Term and Cumulative Effects of Acoustic Exposure Along With Other Stressors Robert Gisiner and George Frisk 151
- Workshop 2: Approaches to Behavioral Analysis of Responses to High-Energy Acoustic Sources Svein Løkkeborg and Frank Thomsen 152
- Workshop 4: International Regulatory Issues Amy R. Scholik-Schlomer and Camille Mageau 153
- Summing Up Roger L. Gentry, and Mandy Shoemaker 147
- Development of a National Database and Standards for Protected Species Observer Data in the United States of America Howard Goldstein, Deborah Epperson, Kyle Baker, Kimberly Skrupky, Brad Smith, Gregg Gitschlag, J Lewandowski, and Teresa Turk 148
- Coordinated Management of Anthropogenic Noise From Offshore Construction off Sakhalin Island for Protection of the Western Gray Whale Roberto Racca