Our Dynamic Earth: A Primer
(Sprache: Englisch)
Students taking undergraduate degrees in geography, ecology, earth science, and environmental science frequently take an introductory unit in Physical Geography. Some will have not done any geography since their early teens, while others have more...
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Klappentext zu „Our Dynamic Earth: A Primer “
Students taking undergraduate degrees in geography, ecology, earth science, and environmental science frequently take an introductory unit in Physical Geography. Some will have not done any geography since their early teens, while others have more recent knowledge. This range of backgrounds can be challenging for both the instructor and the student, this primer aims to help. A primer is a readable introduction to a subject, more technical than a piece of popular science, but less detailed than a specialist textbook. It aims to give the reader a platform in a subject with which they may be unfamiliar, so that they can proceed simultaneously, or sequentially, to more advanced texts and information. Ideally the primer should have something for those without any knowledge, while also challenge and entertaining those who do. Not quite bedtime reading, but a step in that direction. Our Dynamic Earth introduces students to the Earth's origins, to plate tectonics, atmospheric and oceanographic circulation, as well as to a range of Earth surface processes. Idea to get you started in your studies. Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Our Dynamic Earth: A Primer “
Preface .................................................................................................................................................. 3Prologue: Why Physical Geography? ........................................................................................... 7
Part I: Earth history and climate ................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 1: Geological time ............................................................................................................ 10
Entropy ............................................................................................................................................ 10
No sight of a beginning, no sight of an end .......................................................................... 11
Earth's origin story ...................................................................................................................... 14
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 16
Chapter 2: Earth's internal heat engine ...................................................................................... 18
Paradigms and shifting science ............................................................................................... 18
Plate tectonics ............................................................................................................................... 19
Isostasy ........................................................................................................................................... 22
... mehr
Supercontinents again ................................................................................................................ 23
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 24
Chapter 3: Volcanoes ...................................................................................................................... 26
Distribution in space and time .................................................................................................. 26
All in the eruption ......................................................................................................................... 28
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 31
Chapter 4: Earth's external heat engine ..................................................................................... 32
Source, receptor, and filter ........................................................................................................ 32
Earth's heat engine ...................................................................................................................... 35
Earth's air conditioning systems ............................................................................................. 42
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 42
Chapter 5: Climate change is normal .......................................................................................... 43Climate and earth history ........................................................................................................... 43
Evidence for Climate Change .................................................................................................... 45
Mechanisms of climate change ................................................................................................ 49
Landscape and land-sea distribution (1) ................................................................................ 50
Ocean basins (2) ........................................................................................................................... 51
Solar input (3) ................................................................................................................................ 52
Atmospheric content (4) ............................................................................................................. 53
Planetary-scale feedbacks ......................................................................................................... 55
Cenozoic climate change ........................................................................................................... 57
5
Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 62
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 63
Part II: Shaping the landscape ...................................................................................................... 66
Chapter 6: The landscape beneath our feet .............................................................................. 66
Rocks and minerals ..................................................................................................................... 67
Natural decay ................................................................................................................................. 68
Soils ................................................................................................................................................. 73
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter 7: Gravity and slopes ...................................................................................................... 77
Forces on a clast(s), or rock slope .......................................................................................... 77
Mass movement ............................................................................................................................ 79
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 82
Chapter 8: Flowing water ............................................................................................................... 83
All about rain ................................................................................................................................. 83
Water on hillslopes ...................................................................................................................... 88
Surface hydrology ........................................................................................................................ 92
Channel flow .................................................................................................................................. 94
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 100
Further reading ........................................................................................................................... 100
Chapter 9: Flowing Ice .................................................................................................................. 102
Physics of glaciers ..................................................................................................................... 103
Glacial erosion ............................................................................................................................ 106
Glacier transport ......................................................................................................................... 109
Depositional landsystems ........................................................................................................ 109
Further reading ........................................................................................................................... 113
Chapter 10: Coastal processes ................................................................................................... 115
Importance of tides .................................................................................................................... 116
Making waves .............................................................................................................................. 117
Dancing beaches ........................................................................................................................ 120
Cliffs, Shore Platforms and Erosion ...................................................................................... 123
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 126
Further reading ........................................................................................................................... 126
Chapter 11: Landscapes around us .......................................................................................... 128
British Landscapes .................................................................................................................... 128
6
Amazonia ...................................................................................................................................... 135
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 136
Figure Sources ................................................................................................................................ 138
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 24
Chapter 3: Volcanoes ...................................................................................................................... 26
Distribution in space and time .................................................................................................. 26
All in the eruption ......................................................................................................................... 28
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 31
Chapter 4: Earth's external heat engine ..................................................................................... 32
Source, receptor, and filter ........................................................................................................ 32
Earth's heat engine ...................................................................................................................... 35
Earth's air conditioning systems ............................................................................................. 42
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 42
Chapter 5: Climate change is normal .......................................................................................... 43Climate and earth history ........................................................................................................... 43
Evidence for Climate Change .................................................................................................... 45
Mechanisms of climate change ................................................................................................ 49
Landscape and land-sea distribution (1) ................................................................................ 50
Ocean basins (2) ........................................................................................................................... 51
Solar input (3) ................................................................................................................................ 52
Atmospheric content (4) ............................................................................................................. 53
Planetary-scale feedbacks ......................................................................................................... 55
Cenozoic climate change ........................................................................................................... 57
5
Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 62
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 63
Part II: Shaping the landscape ...................................................................................................... 66
Chapter 6: The landscape beneath our feet .............................................................................. 66
Rocks and minerals ..................................................................................................................... 67
Natural decay ................................................................................................................................. 68
Soils ................................................................................................................................................. 73
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 76
Chapter 7: Gravity and slopes ...................................................................................................... 77
Forces on a clast(s), or rock slope .......................................................................................... 77
Mass movement ............................................................................................................................ 79
Further reading ............................................................................................................................. 82
Chapter 8: Flowing water ............................................................................................................... 83
All about rain ................................................................................................................................. 83
Water on hillslopes ...................................................................................................................... 88
Surface hydrology ........................................................................................................................ 92
Channel flow .................................................................................................................................. 94
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 100
Further reading ........................................................................................................................... 100
Chapter 9: Flowing Ice .................................................................................................................. 102
Physics of glaciers ..................................................................................................................... 103
Glacial erosion ............................................................................................................................ 106
Glacier transport ......................................................................................................................... 109
Depositional landsystems ........................................................................................................ 109
Further reading ........................................................................................................................... 113
Chapter 10: Coastal processes ................................................................................................... 115
Importance of tides .................................................................................................................... 116
Making waves .............................................................................................................................. 117
Dancing beaches ........................................................................................................................ 120
Cliffs, Shore Platforms and Erosion ...................................................................................... 123
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 126
Further reading ........................................................................................................................... 126
Chapter 11: Landscapes around us .......................................................................................... 128
British Landscapes .................................................................................................................... 128
6
Amazonia ...................................................................................................................................... 135
Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 136
Figure Sources ................................................................................................................................ 138
... weniger
Autoren-Porträt von Matthew R. Bennett
Matthew Bennett's passion for geography comes from a childhood spent in Snowdonia and he has worked widely throughout the world on a range of projects. In the 1990s he worked on glacial and Quaternary projects in the Arctic, as well as throughout the UK. He published widely on aspects of glaciology, sedimentology, and geomorphology. During this time, he also wrote several leading textbooks. In 2002 he joined Bournemouth University and Matthew started to work in Mexico on problems in Quaternary stratigraphy, environmental archaeology, and volcanic hazards. His work has featured in a range of TV and radio broadcasts, and he is known for his work on the Perfect Sandcastle. During this time Matthew also ran a successful environmental consultancy firm at Bournemouth University. He was Dean of Applied Sciences 2007 to 2010. In 2007 he joined the Koobi Fora Field School and his work on the Ileret footprints was published in Science in 2009. Since then, and working extensively throughout Africa, Matthew has published widely on ancient footprints. In 2010 Matthew became Pro Vice Chancellor for Research and Internationalisation at Bournemouth a post he held until 2014. In 2014 he stepped down to focus on his research and wrote a research textbook on human footprints. Matthew's current research involves ecological modelling of hominin evolution using a range of landscape and agent-based models as well as working on footprint projects around the world. In 2015 Matthew was awarded an Innovation Grant to translate his footprint research into a practical tool for use by forensic scientist. Since 2017 Matthew has been working at White Sands National Park in New Mexico which has one of the largest concentrations of Pleistocene footprints anywhere in the world. These tracks have been dated to the Last Glacial Maximum which makes the White Sands footprints the oldest human tracks in the Americas, work that was published in Science in 2021.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Matthew R. Bennett
- 2022, 1st ed. 2022, XV, 194 Seiten, Masse: 15,5 x 23,5 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 3030903508
- ISBN-13: 9783030903503
Sprache:
Englisch
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