Minimum Animal Populations

1 Introduction.- 2 The Viability of Small Populations of Birds: an Empirical Investigation of Vulnerability.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Theory of Small Population Extinctions.- 2.3 Evidence from Birds: Genetic Effects.- 2.4 Persistence of Small Populations.- 2.5 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Small World Populations in Birds: An Attempt of a Brief General Survey.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Material and Methods.- 3.3 Results and Conclusions.- References.- 4 Genetic, Demographic, Spatial, Environmental and Catastrophic Effects on the Survival Probability of Small Populations of Mammals.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Genetic Considerations.- 4.3 Demographic and Spatial Considerations.- 4.4 Environmental and Catastrophic Considerations.- 4.5 Conclusions.- References.- 5 On Micropopulations in Fish and Their Effects on Differentiation and Speciation.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Micropopulations in Anatolian Aphanius ssp. (Fam.: Cyprinodontidae).- 5.3 Intralacustrine Segregation Phenomena in East African Cichlids (Cichlidae).- 5.4 Conclusion.- References.- 6 Modelling Extinction and Survival of Small Populations.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Population Dynamics with Overlapping Generations.- 6.3 Population Dynamics with Non-Overlapping Generations.- 6.4 Conclusion.- References.- 7 "Very Small" Bird Populations in Amazonia.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 "Very Small" Bird Populations in Amazonia.- 7.3 Summary.- References.- 8 Minimum Population of Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber 1780).- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Area, Material and Methods.- 8.3 Results.- 8.4 Discussion.- References.- 9 Minimum Populations of Carabid Beetles (Col., Carabidae).- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Area and Methods.- 9.3 Results.- 9.4 Discussion.- References.- 10 To Survive or To Become Extinct: Small Populations of Tetraonidsin Central Europe.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Capercaillie.- 10.3 Black Grouse.- 10.4 Hazel Grouse.- 10.5 Conclusions.- References.