Metabolism and Functions of Bioactive Ether Lipids in the Brain

Occurrence and importance of ether lipids in brain.- Introduction.- Classification of ether lipids found in brain.- Physicochemical properties of ether lipids.- Fecapentaenes, the novel plasmalogens.- Other ether lipid found in mammalian tissues.- Lipid metabolism in ether lipid-deficient mice.- Conclusion.- Biosynthesis of plasmalogens in brain.- General considerations and distribution of plasmalogens in brain.- Biosynthesis of plasmalogens.- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase.- Alkyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase.- Acyl/alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase 2.2.4. Alkyl-GP acyltransferase.- Alkylacyl-GP phosphohydrolase.- CDP-ethanomamine: diacylglycerol ethanolaminephosphotransferase.- Plasmalogen synthesizing enzymes during brain development.- Topology and distribution of plasmalogen and plasmalogen synthesizing enzymes.- Plasmalogens in lipid rafts.- Plasmalogens in the nucleus.- Factors affecting plasmalogen biosynthesis in brain.- Conclusion.- Catabolism of plasmalogens in brain.- Introduction.- Plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2.- Receptor-mediated degradation of plasmalogens.- Regulation of PlsEtn-PLA2.- Turnover of Plasmalogen in brain.- Remodeling of plasmalogens (Reacylation/deacylation reactions).- Degradation of plasmalogens by phospholipase C.- Non-enzymic oxidation of plasmalogens in brain.- Plasmalogen-derived lipid mediators and their importance in brain.- Lysoplasmalogens in brain.- Conclusion.- Assay and purification of plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 and lysoplasmalogenase activities.- Introduction.- Determination of PlsEtn and PlsCho-PLA2 by radiochemical procedures.- Preparation of radiolabled [3H] plasmenylcholine (choline plasmalogen).- Labeling of lysoplasmenylcholine at the sn-2 position.- Determination of PlsCho-PLA2 activity.- Determination of PlsEtn-PLA2 by fluorometric assay.- Purification of ethanolamine plasmalogen.- Labeling of ethanolamine