Membrane Technology and Applications
(Sprache: Englisch)
Internationally acknowledged text on membrane technology, presenting current theory and practice of engineering separation membranes, plus manufacturing and applications The newly revised and updated 4th Edition of Membrane Technology and Applications...
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Klappentext zu „Membrane Technology and Applications “
Internationally acknowledged text on membrane technology, presenting current theory and practice of engineering separation membranes, plus manufacturing and applications The newly revised and updated 4th Edition of Membrane Technology and Applications presents an authoritative overview of separation membranes, their theoretical underpinnings, manufacture, and use, beginning with a series of general chapters on membrane preparation, transport theory, and concentration polarization, then surveying several major areas of membrane application in separate chapters. Written in a readily accessible style, each chapter covers its membrane subject thoroughly, from historical and theoretical backgrounds through to current and potential applications. Topics include reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, microfiltration, gas separation, and coupled and facilitated transport; chapters on electrodialysis and medical applications round out the coverage. Changes for the new edition include a full revision of the Third Edition to reflect today's reality with the addition of new material and references as appropriate. Written by a highly qualified author with nearly 40 years of experience in the field, Membrane Technology and Applications includes information on: * Ion exchange and electrodialysis, covering a long list of different small applications with new additions around flow through batteries and capacitive desalination * Medical applications of membranes, with a new description and overview of the current state of the industry * Other membrane processes, such as osmotic distillation, forward osmosis, and other key processes that don't fit neatly into other chapters * Research areas that the author would work on if he were, once again, a 21-year-old graduate student Membrane Technology and Applications provides essential coverage of the subject for industrial workers in the field of membrane technology seeking a balanced overview of related processes. Membrane
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industry professionals and researchers, along with graduate students in membrane technology, will also benefit greatly from the text.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Membrane Technology and Applications “
Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Overview of Membrane Science and Technology 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Historical Development of Membranes 2 1.3 Membrane Transport Theory 4 1.4 Types of Membranes 6 1.4.1 Isotropic Membranes 8 1.4.2 Anisotropic Membranes 8 1.4.3 Membranes with Special Features 9 1.5 Membrane Processes 9 1.5.1 Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration 10 1.5.2 Electrodialysis 11 1.5.3 Gas Separation 12 1.5.4 Pervaporation 13 1.5.5 Hyperfiltration 14 1.5.6 Membrane Contactors 14 1.5.7 Carrier Transport 15 1.5.8 Medical Applications 16 References 17 2 Membrane Transport Theory - Solution-Diffusion 18 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 The Solution-Diffusion Model 21 2.2.1 Molecular Dynamics Simulations 21 2.2.2 Concentration and Pressure Gradients in Membranes 25 2.2.3 Application of the Solution-Diffusion Model to Specific Processes 31 2.2.4 A Unified View 52 2.3 Structure-Permeability Relationships in Solution-Diffusion Membranes 56 2.3.1 Diffusion Coefficients 59 2.3.2 Sorption Coefficients in Polymers 68 2.4 Conclusions 74 References 75 3 Microporous Membranes - Characteristics and Transport Mechanisms 79 3.1 Introduction 80 3.2 Gas Separation in Microporous Membranes 81 3.2.1 Membrane Categories 81 3.2.2 Crystalline Finely Microporous Membranes 82 3.2.3 Amorphous Microporous Membranes 90 3.3 Gas Separation: Transport Mechanisms 95 3.3.1 Surface Adsorption and Diffusion 95 3.3.2 Knudsen Diffusion 98 3.3.3 Molecular Sieving 100 3.3.4 Pore Blocking 101 3.3.5 Summary 104 3.4 Liquid Permeation in Microporous Membranes 105 3.4.1 Screen Filters 105 3.4.2 Depth Filters 109 3.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 110 References 111 4 Membranes and Modules 115 4.1 Introduction 116 4.2 Isotropic Membranes 116 4.2.1 Isotropic Nonporous Membranes 116 4.2.2 Isotropic Microporous Membranes 118 4.3 Anisotropic Membranes 122 4.3.1 Phase Separation Membranes 123 4.3.2 Interfacial Polymerization Membranes 138 4.3.3 Solution-Coated Composite Membranes 143 4.3.4 Repairing
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Membrane Defects 147 4.4 Ceramic and Glass Membranes 149 4.4.1 Ceramic Membranes 149 4.4.2 Microporous Glass Membranes 152 4.5 Other Membranes 152 4.6 Hollow Fiber Membranes 153 4.7 Membrane Modules 156 4.7.1 Plate-and-Frame Modules 158 4.7.2 Tubular Modules 159 4.7.3 Spiral-Wound Modules 162 4.7.4 Hollow Fiber Modules 165 4.7.5 Other Module Types 167 4.8 Module Selection 168 4.9 Conclusions and Future Directions 170 References 171 5 Concentration Polarization 177 5.1 Introduction 177 5.2 Boundary Layer Film Model 180 5.2.1 Determination of the Peclet Number 187 5.3 Concentration Polarization in Liquid Separation Processes 189 5.4 Concentration Polarization in Gas Separation Processes 193 5.5 Concentration Polarization in Membrane Contactors and Related Processes 194 5.6 Conclusions and Future Directions 196 References 196 6 Reverse Osmosis (Hyperfiltration) 198 6.1 Introduction and History 199 6.2 Theoretical Background 201 6.3 Membrane Materials 204 6.3.1 Cellulosic Membranes 204 6.3.2 Noncellulosic Loeb-Sourirajan Membranes 206 6.3.3 Interfacial Composite Membranes 207 6.4 Membrane Performance 210 6.5 Reverse Osmosis Membrane Categories 211 6.5.1 Seawater Desalination Membranes 211 6.5.2 Brackish Water Desalination Membranes 213 6.5.3 Nanofiltration Membranes 213 6.5.4 Organic Solvent Separating Membranes 215 6.6 Membrane Modules 218 6.7 Membrane Fouling and Control 219 6.7.1 Silt 220 6.7.2 Scale 220 6.7.3 Biofouling 223 6.7.4 Organic Fouling 223 6.7.5 Pretreatment 223 6.7.6 Membrane Cleaning 224 6.8 Applications 225 6.8.1 Seawater Desalination 226 6.8.2 Brackish Water Desalination 228 6.8.3 Industrial Applications 229 6.8.4 Organic Solvent Separations 232 6.8.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 236 References 238 7 Ultrafiltration 241 7.1 Introduction and History 242 7.2 Characterization of Ultrafiltration Membranes 244 7.3 Membrane Fouling 246 7.3.1 Constant Pressure and Constant Flux Operation 246 7.3.2 Concentration Polarization 251 7.3.3 Fouling Control 259 7.4 Membranes 260 7.5 Tangential-Flow Modules and Process Designs 261 7.5.1 Modules 262 7.5.2 Process Design 264 7.6 Applications 266 7.6.1 Industrial Applications 268 7.6.2 Municipal Water Treatment/Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) 274 7.6.3 Biotechnology 280 7.7 Conclusions and Future Directions 282 References 284 8 Microfiltration 287 8.1 Introduction and History 287 8.2 Background 288 8.2.1 Types of Membrane 288 8.2.2 Membrane Characterization 291 8.2.3 Microfiltration Membranes and Modules 297 8.2.4 Process Design 300 8.3 Applications 301 8.3.1 Sterile Filtration of Pharmaceuticals 302 8.3.2 Microfiltration in the Electronics Industry 303 8.3.3 Sterilization of Wine and Beer 304 8.4 Conclusions and Future Directions 304 References 304 9 Gas Separation 305 9.1 Introduction and History 306 9.2 Dense Polymeric Membranes 308 9.2.1 Theoretical Background 308 9.2.2 Structural Features and Considerations 315 9.3 Microporous Membranes 317 9.4 Membrane Modules 319 9.5 Process Design 320 9.5.1 Pressure Ratio 321 9.5.2 Stage-Cut 325 9.5.3 Multistep and Multistage System Designs 327 9.5.4 Recycle Designs 329 9.6 Applications 330 9.6.1 Hydrogen Separation 330 9.6.2 Air Separation 333 9.6.3 Natural Gas Separations 338 9.6.4 Organic Vapor/Gas Separations 347 9.6.5 To-Be-Developed Applications 348 9.7 Conclusions and Future Directions 353 References 355 10 Pervaporation/Vapor Permeation 359 10.1 Introduction and History 359 10.2 Theoretical Background 362 10.3 Membrane Materials and Modules 370 10.3.1 Membrane Characterization 370 10.3.2 Membrane Materials 370 10.3.3 Membrane Modules 375 10.4 Process Design 377 10.4.1 Basic Principles 377 10.4.2 Hybrid Distillation/Membrane Processes 380 10.5 Applications 382 10.5.1 Bioethanol and Solvent Dehydration 383 10.5.2 VOC/Water Separations 384 10.5.3 Separation of Organic Mixtures 385 10.6 Conclusions and Future Directions 390 References 390 11 Ion Exchange Membrane Processes 394 11.1 Introduction and History 395 11.2 Theoretical Background 396 11.2.1 Transport Through Ion Exchange Membranes 397 11.3 Chemistry of Ion Exchange Membranes 400 11.3.1 Homogeneous Membranes 402 11.3.2 Heterogeneous Membranes 404 11.4 Electrodialysis 405 11.4.1 Concentration Polarization and Limiting Current Density 405 11.4.2 Current Efficiency and Power Consumption 410 11.4.3 System Design 411 11.5 Electrodialysis Applications 414 11.5.1 Water Desalination 414 11.5.2 Continuous Electrodeionization and Ultrapure Water 414 11.5.3 Salt Recovery from Seawater 416 11.5.4 Other Electrodialysis Applications 416 11.6 Fuel Cells 417 11.7 Chlor-Alkali Processes 421 11.8 Other Electrochemical Processes 423 11.8.1 Water Splitting Using Bipolar Membranes 423 11.8.2 Redox Flow Batteries 424 11.8.3 Reverse Electrodialysis 427 11.9 Conclusions and Future Directions 428 References 428 12 Carrier Facilitated Transport 431 12.1 Introduction 431 12.2 Facilitated Transport 435 12.2.1 Membrane and Process Development 435 12.2.2 Theory 437 12.2.3 Membranes 440 12.2.4 Applications 442 12.3 Coupled Transport 446 12.3.1 Membrane and Process Development 446 12.3.2 Theory 451 12.3.3 Coupled Transport Membrane Characteristics 454 12.3.4 Applications 459 12.4 Conclusions and Future Directions 459 References 460 13 Membrane Contactors 464 13.1 Introduction 464 13.2 Contactor Modules 466 13.3 Applications of Membrane Contactors 468 13.3.1 Liquid/Liquid Contactor Applications 469 13.3.2 Liquid/Gas and Gas/Liquid Contactors 478 13.3.3 Gas/Gas Membrane Contactors 482 13.4 Conclusions and Future Directions 486 References 486 14 Medical Applications of Membranes 490 14.1 Introduction 490 14.2 Hemodialysis 491 14.3 Plasma Fractionation 495 14.4 Blood Oxygenators 496 14.5 Controlled Drug Delivery 497 14.5.1 Membrane Diffusion-Controlled Systems 499 14.5.2 Monolithic Systems 502 14.5.3 Biodegradable Systems 502 14.5.4 Osmotic Systems 503 References 509 15 Other Membrane Processes 512 15.1 Introduction 512 15.2 Metal Membranes 512 15.3 Ion-Conducting Membranes 516 15.4 Charge Mosaic Membranes and Piezodialysis 520 References 523 Appendix 525 Index 536
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Autoren-Porträt von Richard W. Baker
Dr. Richard W. Baker received his doctorate in physical chemistry in 1966 from Imperial College, London. In 1982, following industrial appointments at Amicon and Alza, and the co-founding of Bend Research, Dr. Baker founded his second company, MTR, where he served as president for 25 years. In 2007, Dr. Baker stepped aside as MTR's president, but remains active as Chief Scientist and a member of the Board of Directors. He is heavily engaged in MTR's ongoing development and commercialization of membrane-based carbon capture.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Richard W. Baker
- 2023, 4. Auflage, 560 Seiten, Masse: 18,5 x 24,4 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- ISBN-10: 1119685982
- ISBN-13: 9781119685982
- Erscheinungsdatum: 15.12.2023
Sprache:
Englisch
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