Endemic Cretinism
(Sprache: Englisch)
Responding to a renewed interest in the growing problem of iodine deficiency worldwide, Drs. Charles Oxnard and Peter Obendorf, along with experienced translator and anatomist John Dennison, take a fresh look at the classic text, Der endemische Kretinismus,...
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Responding to a renewed interest in the growing problem of iodine deficiency worldwide, Drs. Charles Oxnard and Peter Obendorf, along with experienced translator and anatomist John Dennison, take a fresh look at the classic text, Der endemische Kretinismus, published in 1936 by Springer. Translated here for the first time into English, this landmark text will be a welcome resource for researchers confronting the problem of iodine deficiency. Oxnard and Obendorf point out that there is very little detailed knowledge or numerical data on cretinism available in the English-speaking world. In addition, highly-renowned Professor Basil S. Hetzel, recently-retired World Health Organization Chairman of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, published in 2009 with Dr Chen Zu-pei on the resurgence of iodine deficiency in China. Indeed, throughout the entire developing world there may be as many as two billion people at risk to iodine deficiency; perhaps three quarters of a billion have goiter, and ten million may be cretins. Even in developed countries, iodine deficiency is re-emerging (as in New South Wales in 19% of children) with the result of significantly reduced numbers of gifted children (though this is not cretinism per se). Certain to be of significant interest to a wide range of researchers, health providers and professionals, including government health administrators, this English translation of Endemic Cretinism is a major contribution to the literature.
Klappentext zu „Endemic Cretinism “
Responding to a renewed interest in the growing problem of iodine deficiency worldwide, Drs. Charles Oxnard and Peter Obendorf, along with experienced translator and anatomist John Dennison, take a fresh look at the classic text, Der endemische Kretinismus, published in 1936 by Springer. Translated here for the first time into English, this landmark text will be a welcome resource for researchers confronting the problem of iodine deficiency. Oxnard and Obendorf point out that there is very little detailed knowledge or numerical data on cretinism available in the English-speaking world. In addition, highly-renowned Professor Basil S. Hetzel, recently-retired World Health Organization Chairman of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, published in 2009 with Dr Chen Zu-pei on the resurgence of iodine deficiency in China. Indeed, throughout the entire developing world there may be as many as two billion people at risk to iodine deficiency; perhaps three quarters of a billion have goiter, and ten million may be cretins. Even in developed countries, iodine deficiency is re-emerging (as in New South Wales in 19% of children) with the result of significantly reduced numbers of gifted children (though this is not cretinism per se). Certain to be of significant interest to a wide range of researchers, health providers and professionals, including government health administrators, this English translation of Endemic Cretinism is a major contribution to the literature.Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Endemic Cretinism “
Introduction Chapters
I. Etymology of the word 'cretin' (Wegelin)
II. Definition (de Quervain)
III. Historical (Wegelin)
IV. Epidemiology (Wegelin)
1. Statistics
2. Geographical distribution
Europe
Asia
Australia
Africa
America
3. Racial affinity
4. Relation to endemic goitre
V. Course and clinical pattern of cretinism (de Quervain)
Cretinism with and without goitre
Grade of cretinism
Development of cretins
Deterioration
Spontaneous recovery
Influence of endemic goitre on children
1. The sexual distribution of cretinism
2. The behaviour of physical development
Growth in non-goitrous cretins
Growth in goitrous cretins
Development quotient
a) The individual parts of the skeleton
Behaviour of the skull
Cranial capacity
Dentition
Remainder of skeleton
Appearance of centres of ossification
Joints
Cretin hips
Humerus varus
Pelvis
b) The skin and its appendages
Myxoedema
Skin shade
Dryness of the skin
Hair growth
c) The musculature
d) The behaviour of the endocrine glands
The thyroid gland
Atrophy of the thyroid
Cretinous goitre
The parathyroid glands
The sexual glands and the sexual organs
Hypophysis
e) The intestinal tract and its glands
f) The blood vascular system
Heart
Capillary structure
g) The nervous system
Mobility
Neuromuscular system
Tendon reflexes
MacCarrison's 'Nervous cretinism'
Sense organs Hearing disorders
Speech disorders
Autonomic nervous system
3. The intellectual behaviour of cretins
Mental debility
Intellectual development
Acquisitive instinct
Imitative behaviour
Self-awareness
Emotions
Sociability
Gratitude
Sexual behaviour
Psychological functions in relation to body type
VI. Pathological anatomy and histology (Wegelin)
1. Thyroid gland
Epithelial changes
Sclerosis
Lymphocyte infiltration
Vascularization
Regenerative epithelial growth
Nodular
... mehr
goitre
Malignant epithelial goitr
Vascularisation of nodular goitre
Functional behaviour of the thyroid gland
Diffuse goitre
'Niduses' of squamous epithelium
Dispersed aggregations of parathyroid cells and remnants of
the ultimobranchial body
2. Parathyroid glands
3. Thymus
4. Hypophysis
5. Pineal gland
6. Suprarenal glands
7. Gonads
A. Male gonads
B. Female gonads
Ovaries
Uterus Breasts
8. Nervous system
Meninges
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
9. Musculature
10. The skeleton
General restriction in growth
Physical proportions
Development
Bone form relationships
Skull
Trunk
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
11. Joints
12. Teeth
13. Skin and subcutaneous tissue
14. Ear
15. Circulatory system Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
16. Blood, and blood-forming organs
Blood
Bone marrow
Lymph glands
Spleen
17. Respiratory organs
18. Digestive organs
Tongue
Stomach and intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
Peritoneum
19. Urinary system
20. Further anatomical findings
Malformations
Blastoma
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
21. Lifespan and diseases of cretins
Average age
Causes of death
22. Cretinism in animals
23. Summary
VII. Pathological physiology (de Quervain)
Endemic thyropathy
Metabolism
Albumen and salt metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism and basal respiratory metabolism
Blood examination
Blood clotting
Sedimentation rate of red blood cells
Dispersion grade of blood albumen bodies
Analysis of the individual fractions of albumen bodies in the blood
by weight determination
Phagocytic activity of leucocytes
Ion relationships in the blood
Iodine distribution among cretins
Analysis of the iodine level in the blood
Testing of thyroid gland function, after Asher-Streuli
Functional behaviour of the liver
Basedow appearance among cretins
VIII. Pathogenesis (de Quervain and Wegelin)
Comparison of cretinism with congenital athyrosis, spontaneous
myxoedema and postoperative myxoedema
Scheme of possible influences of the goitre-noxa
Possibility of a dysthyrosis
Occurrence of thyroid gland atrophy Congenital goitre among cretins
Comparison of the anatomical findings with those
of congenital athyrosis
Dissociation of symptoms
Different threshold values of thyroid gland function
Heredity
Goitre in the mother
Geographical dependence of goitre and cretinism
Inbreeding
Significance of local factors
Relationship with Status degenerativus
Question on the occurrence of genotypically-inheritable,
non-site-dependent diseases due to the goitre-noxa
Varying powers of resistance to the goitre-noxa
Goitre investigations in twins
Question about direct exogenous influence on the embryo
Possibility of direct exogenous influence of other endocrine glands
by the goitre-noxa
Nervous cretinism
Question on the inadequate functioning of the other endocrine glands
Occurrence of hearing disorders
IX. Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cretinism (de Quervain)
'Racial hygiene'
Improvement of the hygiene of living conditions
Radioactivity of the soil
Combating the goitre-noxa by iodine in small doses
Prophylaxis through iodised cooking salt
Iodine supplement during school age
Iodine supplement for the pregnant mother
The question of sterilization
Implantation of thyroid gland tissue
Substitution therapy with thyroid gland preparations
Iodine treatment
Goitre surgery among cretins
Goitre and cancer
References
Appendix
Malignant epithelial goitr
Vascularisation of nodular goitre
Functional behaviour of the thyroid gland
Diffuse goitre
'Niduses' of squamous epithelium
Dispersed aggregations of parathyroid cells and remnants of
the ultimobranchial body
2. Parathyroid glands
3. Thymus
4. Hypophysis
5. Pineal gland
6. Suprarenal glands
7. Gonads
A. Male gonads
B. Female gonads
Ovaries
Uterus Breasts
8. Nervous system
Meninges
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
9. Musculature
10. The skeleton
General restriction in growth
Physical proportions
Development
Bone form relationships
Skull
Trunk
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
11. Joints
12. Teeth
13. Skin and subcutaneous tissue
14. Ear
15. Circulatory system Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
16. Blood, and blood-forming organs
Blood
Bone marrow
Lymph glands
Spleen
17. Respiratory organs
18. Digestive organs
Tongue
Stomach and intestine
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
Peritoneum
19. Urinary system
20. Further anatomical findings
Malformations
Blastoma
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
21. Lifespan and diseases of cretins
Average age
Causes of death
22. Cretinism in animals
23. Summary
VII. Pathological physiology (de Quervain)
Endemic thyropathy
Metabolism
Albumen and salt metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism and basal respiratory metabolism
Blood examination
Blood clotting
Sedimentation rate of red blood cells
Dispersion grade of blood albumen bodies
Analysis of the individual fractions of albumen bodies in the blood
by weight determination
Phagocytic activity of leucocytes
Ion relationships in the blood
Iodine distribution among cretins
Analysis of the iodine level in the blood
Testing of thyroid gland function, after Asher-Streuli
Functional behaviour of the liver
Basedow appearance among cretins
VIII. Pathogenesis (de Quervain and Wegelin)
Comparison of cretinism with congenital athyrosis, spontaneous
myxoedema and postoperative myxoedema
Scheme of possible influences of the goitre-noxa
Possibility of a dysthyrosis
Occurrence of thyroid gland atrophy Congenital goitre among cretins
Comparison of the anatomical findings with those
of congenital athyrosis
Dissociation of symptoms
Different threshold values of thyroid gland function
Heredity
Goitre in the mother
Geographical dependence of goitre and cretinism
Inbreeding
Significance of local factors
Relationship with Status degenerativus
Question on the occurrence of genotypically-inheritable,
non-site-dependent diseases due to the goitre-noxa
Varying powers of resistance to the goitre-noxa
Goitre investigations in twins
Question about direct exogenous influence on the embryo
Possibility of direct exogenous influence of other endocrine glands
by the goitre-noxa
Nervous cretinism
Question on the inadequate functioning of the other endocrine glands
Occurrence of hearing disorders
IX. Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cretinism (de Quervain)
'Racial hygiene'
Improvement of the hygiene of living conditions
Radioactivity of the soil
Combating the goitre-noxa by iodine in small doses
Prophylaxis through iodised cooking salt
Iodine supplement during school age
Iodine supplement for the pregnant mother
The question of sterilization
Implantation of thyroid gland tissue
Substitution therapy with thyroid gland preparations
Iodine treatment
Goitre surgery among cretins
Goitre and cancer
References
Appendix
... weniger
Bibliographische Angaben
- 2011, XIV, 215 Seiten, Masse: 16 x 24,1 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Herausgegeben: John Dennison, Charles Oxnard, Peter Obendorf
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 1461402808
- ISBN-13: 9781461402800
- Erscheinungsdatum: 26.09.2011
Sprache:
Englisch
Rezension zu „Endemic Cretinism “
From the reviews: "This book addresses a re-emerging world problem identified, namely the role of iodine deficiencies on cognitive and other mental dysfunctions. ... This book serves to provide clinical approaches for treatment while also raising public awareness of this sad and growing problem." (The Electric Review, October, 2012)
Pressezitat
From the reviews:"There are still areas in the world in which the population suffers from iodine deficiency, and so this book will be of interest. This volume is the first English translation of the book published in German in 1936. ... Of interest to Public Health workers and endocrinologists." (Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews (PER), Vol. 10 (2), January, 2013)"This book addresses a re-emerging world problem identified, namely the role of iodine deficiencies on cognitive and other mental dysfunctions. ... This book serves to provide clinical approaches for treatment while also raising public awareness of this sad and growing problem." (The Electric Review, October, 2012)
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