Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity

Part I. General Considerations.- Embryology and Classification of Congenital Upper Limb Anomalies.- Incidence and Syndromes Associated with Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Limb.- Anesthesia Concerns in Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity.- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Management of Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity.- Therapy Management of Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity.- Visible Distinctions and Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremities: Psychological Considerations.- Part II. Failure of Formation/Differentiation.- Radial Longitudinal Deficiency: Radius.- Radial Longitudinal Deficiency: Surgical Reconstruction of Congenital Thumb Hypoplasia.- Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis.- Ulnar Longitudinal Deficiency.- Symbrachydactyly.- Dorsal-Ventral Deficiency.- Part III. Failure of Hand Plate Formation/Differentiation.- Syndactyly: A Review of the Current Knowledge on the Genetic Understanding and Management Techniques.- Apert Syndrome.- Central Deficiency (Cleft Hand).- Camptodactyly and Clinodactyly.- Synostosis and Coalitions of the Hand and Wrist.- Congenital Clasped Thumb.- Part IV. Duplication.- Radial Polydactyly.- Ulnar Polydactyly and Ulnar Dimelia.- Part V. Overgrowth, Amniotic Band, and Generalized Anomalies.- Macrodactyly.- Amniotic Band Syndrome.- Arthrogryposis.- Madelung Deformity.- Epidermolysis Bullosa.- Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Donald R. Laub Jr., MS, MD, FACS, Vermont Children's Hospital and University of Vermont Medical Center, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.