Bacillus thuringiensis Biotechnology

Recombineering perspectives for the B. cereus group.- References.-  8 Conjugation in Bacillus thuringiensis: insights into the plasmids exchange process.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2  Conjugation as a tool to understand the ecology of B. cereus group.- 8.3 Conclusion and Perspectives.- References.- 9  Shuttle vectors of Bacillus thuringiensis .- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Plasmids in Bacillus thuringiensis.- 9.3 Shuttle vectors of Bacillus thuringiensis.- 9.4 Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis.- References.-  10 Construction and application in plasmid vectors of Bacillus cereus group .- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Shuttle plasmid vectors in the B. cereus group.- 10.3 Integration vectors in the B. cereus group.- 10.4 Resolution vectors in the B. cereus group.- 10.5 High-effective expression vectors in the B. cereus group.- 10.6 Conclusion.- References.-  11 Recombination in Bacillus thuringiensis.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Site Specific Recombination in B. thuringiensis.- 11.3 Homologous Recombination in B. thuringiensis.- 11.4 Conclusion.- References.-  12 Genetic improvement of Bt strains and development of novel biopesticides.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Discovery of new Bt strains harbouring novel cry genes.- 12.3 Engineering of novel Cry proteins.- 12.4 Construction of new Bt strains by conjugation.- 12.5 Expression of Bt cry genes in heterologous microbial hosts.- 12.6 Development of recombinant Bt strains.- 12.7 Development of asporogenic Bt strains.- 12.8 Concluding remarks.- References.- PART III BT AS BIOPESTICIDE: APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY.-  13 Genetically Modified Bacillus thuringiensis Biopesticides .- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Strategies for constructing genetically modified Bt strains for engineered biopesticide development.- 13.3 Bt engineered strains with high toxicity or broader insecticidal spectrum.- 13.4 Multifunctional Bt engineered strains.- 13.5 Genetically modified Bt strains with delayed pest resistance.- References.- 14 Bacillus thuringiensis Recombinant Insecticidal Protein Production.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Pesticidal Protein Expression in Gram Negative Hosts.- 14.3 Pesticidal Protein Expression in B. thuringiensis.- 14.4 Bacterial expression applications summary.- 14.5 Expression in Transgenic Plants.- 14.6 Plant Expression Summary.- 14.7 Conclusion.- Bibliography.- 15 Bt crops: past and future .- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Developments conducive to Bt crops.- 15.3 Commercialization and performance of "first generation" Bt crops.- 15.4 Risks associated with the use of Bt crops.- 15.5 "Second" and "third" generation Bt crops.- 15.6 Conclusions and future prospects.- References.- 16 A Review of the Food Safety of Bt Crops.- 16.1 Background.- 16.2 Regulatory guidance for the safety assessment of Cry proteins.- 16.3 The Species-specific acute mode of action of Cry proteins.- 16.4 Potential digestibility of Cry proteins.- 16.5 Toxicology testing of Cry proteins.- 16.6 Assessment of food processing on Cry protein biological activity.- 16.7 Human dietary exposure assessment for Cry proteins in Bt crops.- 16.8 Toxicology feeding studies in rodents fed Bt crops.- 16.9 Food and Feed Safety Benefits of Bt Crops.- 16.10 Conclusions.- References.- PART IV OTHER BACILLUS SPECIES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY.- 17 The most important Bacillus species in biotechnology.- 17.1 Introduction.- 17.2 Most important biotechnological applications of Bacillus species.- 17.3 Conclusions and perspectives.- References.-  18 Secondary metabolites of Bacillus: potentials in biotechnology.- 18.1 Introduction.- 18.2 The most important secondary metabolites of Bacillus species.- 18.3 Other metabolites and activities of Bacillus species.- 18.4 Secondary metabolites from marine Bacilli.- 18.5 Safety evaluation and risk assessment.- 18.6 Conclusion and perspectives.- References.- 19 Future challenges and prospects of Bacillus thuringiensis.- 19.1 Introduction.- 19.2 Chitinases of B. thuringiensis in environment and food industry.- 19.3 Bacteriocins of Bacillus thuringiensis.- References.