Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection
(Sprache: Englisch)
This fourth edition of the classic textbook has been updated and revised by a renowned team of experienced health physicists and book authors, to include current physiokinetic and dosimetric models as recommended by the International Commission on...
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Klappentext zu „Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection “
This fourth edition of the classic textbook has been updated and revised by a renowned team of experienced health physicists and book authors, to include current physiokinetic and dosimetric models as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. In addition, all units are now given using the SI system, making the book even more useful to an international audience, while the sections on statistics have been completely rewritten to make them more accessible. As a result, the text offers advanced students and professionals comprehensive coverage of the major concepts behind the origins and transport of ionizing radiation in matter. It covers the detection and measurement of radiation and the statistical interpretation of the data, thoroughly describing the procedures that are used to protect humans and the environment from the potential harmful effects. Throughout, the basic principles are elucidated using numerous worked examples that exemplify practical applications and each chapter includes problem sets (with partial answers) and extensive tables and graphs for continued use as a reference work.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection “
ABOUT ATOMIC PHYSICS AND RADIATION Classical Physics Discovery of X-Rays Some Important Dates in Atomic and Radiation Physics Important Dates in Radiation Protection Sources and Levels of Radiation Exposure Suggested Reading ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND ATOMIC RADIATION The Atomic Nature of Matter (ca. 1900) The Rutherford Nuclear Atom Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom Semiclassical Mechanics, 1913-1925 Quantum Mechanics The Pauli Exclusion Principle Atomic Theory of the Periodic System Molecules Solids and Energy Bands Continuous and Characteristic X Rays Auger Electrons Suggested Reading Problems Answers THE NUCLEUS AND NUCLEAR RADIATION Nuclear Structure Nuclear Binding Energies Alpha Decay Beta Decay (beta-) Gamma-Ray Emission Internal Conversion Orbital Electron Capture Positron Decay (beta+) Suggested Reading Problems Answers RADIOACTIVE DECAY Activity Exponential Decay Specific Activity Serial Radioactive Decay Natural Radioactivity Radon and Radon Daughters Suggested Reading Problems Answers INTERACTION OF HEAVY CHARGED PARTICLES WITH MATTER Energy-Loss Mechanisms Maximum Energy Transfer in a Single Collision Single-Collision Energy-Loss Spectra Stopping Power Semiclassical Calculation of Stopping Power The Bethe Formula for Stopping Power Mean Excitation Energies Table for Computation of Stopping Powers Stopping Power of Water for Protons Range Slowing-Down Time Limitations of Bethe's Stopping-Power Formula Suggested Reading Problems Answers INTERACTION OF ELECTRONS WITH MATTER Energy-Loss Mechanisms Collisional Stopping Power Radiative Stopping Power Radiation Yield Range Slowing-Down Time Examples of Electron Tracks in Water Suggested Reading Problems Answers PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH CHARGED-PARTICLE TRACKS Delta Rays Restricted Stopping Power Linear Energy Transfer (LET) Specific Ionization Energy Straggling Range Straggling Multiple Coulomb Scattering Suggested Reading Problems Answers INTERACTION OF PHOTONS WITH MATTER Interaction Mechanisms Photoelectric
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Effect Energy-Momentum Requirements for Photon Absorption by an Electron Compton Effect Pair Production Photonuclear Reactions Attenuation Coefficients Energy-Transfer and Energy-Absorption Coefficients Calculation of Energy Absorption and Energy Transfer Suggested Reading Problems Answers NEUTRONS, FISSION, AND CRITICALITY Introduction Neutron Sources Classification of Neutrons Interactions with Matter Elastic Scattering Neutron-Proton Scattering Energy-Loss Spectrum Reactions Energetics of Threshold Reactions Neutron Activation Fission Criticality Suggested Reading Problems Answers METHODS OF RADIATION DETECTION Ionization in Gases Ionization in Semiconductors Scintillation Photographic Film Thermoluminescence Other Methods Neutron Detection Suggested Reading Problems Answers STATISTICS The Statistical World of Atoms and Radiation Radioactive Disintegration-Exponential Decay Radioactive Disintegration-a Bernoulli Process The Binomial Distribution The Poisson Distribution The Normal Distribution Error and Error Propagation Counting Radioactive Samples Minimum Significant Measured Activity-Type-I Errors Minimum Detectable True Activity-Type-II Errors Criteria for Radiobioassay, HPS Nl3.30-1996 Instrument Response Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Transport Suggested Reading Problems Answers RADIATION DOSIMETRY Introduction Quantities and Units Measurement of Exposure Measurement of Absorbed Dose Measurement of X- and Gamma-Ray Dose Neutron Dosimetry Dose Measurements for Charged-Particle Beams Determination of LET Dose Calculations Other Dosimetric Concepts and Quantities Suggested Reading Problems Answers CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIATION Time Frame for Radiation Effects Physical and Prechemical Chances in Irradiated Water Chemical Stage Examples of Calculated Charged-Particle Tracks in Water Chemical Yields in Water Biological Effects Sources of Human Data The Acute Radiation Syndrome Delayed Somatic Effects Irradiation of Mammalian Embryo and Fetus Genetic Effects Radiation Biology Dose-Response Relationships Factors Affecting Dose Response Suggested Reading Problems Answers RADIATION-PROTECTION CRITERIA AND EXPOSURE LIMITS Objective of Radiation Protection Elements of Radiation-Protection Programs The NCRP and ICRP NCRP/ICRP Dosimetric Quantities Risk Estimates for Radiation Protection Current Exposure Limits of the NCRP and ICRP Occupational Limits in the Dose-Equivalent System The "2015 ICRP Recommendations" ICRU Operational Quantities Probability of Causation Suggested Reading Problems Answers EXTERNAL RADIATION PROTECTION Distance, Time, and Shielding Gamma-Ray Shielding Shielding in X-Ray Installations Protection from Beta Radiation Neutron Shielding Suggested Reading Problems Answers INTERNAL DOSIMETRY AND RADIATION PROTECTION Objectives ICRP Publication Methodology ICRP-30 Dosimetric Model for the Respiratory System ICRP-66 Human Respiratory Tract Model ICRP-30 Dosimetric Model for the Gastrointestinal Tract Organ Activities as Functions of Time Specific Absorbed Fraction, Specific Effective Energy, Committed Quantities Number of Transformations in Source Organs over 50 Y Dosimetric Model for Bone ICRP-30 Dosimetric Model for Submersion in a Radioactive Cloud Selected ICRP-30 Metabolic Data for Reference Man Suggested Reading Problems Answers APPENDIX A Physical Constants B Units and Conversion Factors C Some Basic Formulas of Physics (MKS and CCS Units) D Selected Data on Nuclides E Statistical Derivations Index
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Autoren-Porträt von James S. Bogard, Darryl J. Downing, Robert L. Coleman, Keith F. Eckerman, James E. Turner
James S. Bogard is a Senior Health Physicist in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and an Adjunct Professor in the Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Anthropology at the University of Tennessee. He is the author or co-author of over 85 articles, technical reports and presentations, including a workbook of health physics problems and solutions. Dr. Bogard is a past president of the American Academy of Health Physics, a Fellow of the Health Physics Society and a Distinguished Alumnus of Texas State University. Darryl J. Downing is Vice President, Statistical and Quantitative Sciences, at GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical company. He was previously a member of the research staff at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and led the Statistics Group for 10 of his 20 years at ORNL. Dr. Downing graduated from the University of Florida in 1974 with a Ph.D. in Statistics. He has authored over 50 publications and has been a Fellow of the American Statistical Association since 2002. He is also a member of the International Statistics Institute since 1997 and serves on the editorial board for Pharmaceutical Statistics. Robert L. Coleman is a Senior Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Technical Lead for in-vivo radio bioassay measurements. He manages the technical and day-to-day aspects of whole body, lung and organ measurements for gamma and x-ray emitting radionuclides in support of the ORNL radiation dosimetry program. Keith F. Eckerman is Staff Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the Energy and Environmental Sciences Divison. He obtained his Ph.D in Radiological Physics from Northwestern University and joined the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as leader of the Dosimetry Research Group after working at Argonne National Laboratory and with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. He is a member of Committee 2 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and Chairman of its Task Group on Dose Calculations. In 1999 he received the Distinguished Scientific
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Achievement Award from the Health Physics Society and in 2001 the Loevinger-Berman Award from the Society of Nuclear Medicine. James E. Turner (1930-2008) was a retired Corporate Fellow from Oak Ridge National Laboratory and an Adjunct Professor of Nuclear Engineering at the University of Tennessee. In addition to extensive research and teaching both in the U. S. and abroad, Dr. Turner served on the editorial staffs of several professional journals, including Health Physics and Radiation Research, and was active in a number of scientific organizations.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: James S. Bogard , Darryl J. Downing , Robert L. Coleman , Keith F. Eckerman , James E. Turner
- 2023, 4. wesentlich überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, 608 Seiten, 93 Schwarz-Weiss-Abbildungen, Masse: 17,6 x 24,9 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Wiley-VCH
- ISBN-10: 3527413529
- ISBN-13: 9783527413522
- Erscheinungsdatum: 26.01.2023
Sprache:
Englisch
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