Aging and Human Motivation

1: Introduction. Why This Monograph? Motivation. Definitions of Aging Our Focus. Reprise. 2: Biological Foundations. Introduction. Cerebral Metabolism. Neurotransmitters. The Endocrines. The Immune System. Cardiovascular Functions. Conclusions. 3: Sleep and Fatigue. Sleep. Summary. Fatigue. Summary. 4: Pain and Discomfort Avoidance. Introduction. Motivational-Emotional Aspects. Perception and Measurement of Pain. Interpretation of Symptoms. Culture. Personality. Conclusions. 5: Eating and Drinking. Introduction. Eating. Drinking-Fluid Intake. Conclusions. 6: Sexuality. Introduction. Biology. Culture. Surveys. Physical Health and Psychological Wellness. Conclusions. 7: Health Behaviors. Introduction. Definitions. The Role of Motivation. Theoretical Underpinnings. Perception of Health Status. Health Care Services Utilization. Health Promotion and Preventive Health Behaviors. Conclusions. 8: Stress. Introduction. Definitions. Theories. Aging and Stress. Classifications and Measurement. Biological Effects. Psychological Effects. Conclusions. 9: Coping. Introduction. Coping Styles and Strategies. The Age Factor. Wisdom and Religion. Conclusions. 10. Ecological Studies of Stress and Coping. Introduction. Measurement. Caregiving. Summary. Bereavement. Summary. 11: The Self. Introduction. The Self and Social Motivation. Some Definitional Problems. Aging. The Temporal Factor: Past, Present, and Future Selves. Conclusions. 12: Purpose or Meaning of Life. The Construct. Modern Expositors. Relationship to Other Constructs. Empirical Studies. Conclusions. 13: Social Relationships. Introduction. Theoretical Perspectives. Theories. Isolation and Loneliness. Factors Affecting Close Contacts. Conclusions. 14: Achievement Motivation. The Construct. Some Data on Older Populations. Conclusions. 15: Leisure. Introduction. Theories. The Role of Motivation and Its Assessment. The Life Course. Some Determinants of Leisure. Adult Education. Amenity Migration. Volunteering. Conclusions. 16: