A question of honour: How codes of ethical conduct and moral dilemmas impact behaviour
(Sprache: Englisch)
The recent turbulences that led to a global financial crisis have partially been triggered by immoral and egoistic behaviour. In the wake of the disaster many have asked, and keep asking, how a sustainable and socially fair economy can be build. Ethics is...
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The recent turbulences that led to a global financial crisis have partially been triggered by immoral and egoistic behaviour. In the wake of the disaster many have asked, and keep asking, how a sustainable and socially fair economy can be build. Ethics is one of the cornerstones of human interaction in general and in economic interaction. This study has been inspired by the question: How can unethical behaviour be avoided? This book deals with the question of how ethics in general can be improved. In today s business world Business Ethical Codes of Conduct (BECC), or more commonly called honour codes, have reached some prominence. Utilizing questionnaires and moral dilemmas this study attempts to answer the question: How efficient are codes of conduct? The study arrives at surprising insights into the impact of priming-effects on morale and shows that the mere exposure to ethical questions influences how we behave.
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Chapter 1.1, BACKGROUND:
1.1.1 The origin of deception:
The terms morale and ethics include a wide variety of different actions. Commonly lying, cheating and stealing are defined as unethical behaviour (Trevino Linda, Weaver Gary et al. 2006). More generally speaking, deception of any kind is thought of as unethical, while behaviours such as honesty, obeying the law, and whistle-blowing are conform with ethical standards (Jones 1991).
Deception and the capacity to detect deceit are products of animal and human evolution (Buchanan 2006). While the way we are dealing with deception certainly is a product of our social evolution the psychological capabilities involved enabling us to lie and cheat have developed in our biology and are hardwired (Leighton 1906). Deceit and detection thereof is a universal human trait (Bond, Omar et al. 1990).
A scenario of deception in the animal kingdom could for instance be a signal warning of a predator when in fact no predator is present. After all animals have fled the scene the deceiver may have a resource such as feed for itself. Deception is thereby defined as a signalling act that in the broadest sense can be any exchange between two or more individuals (Buchanan 2006).
If this exchange manifests as an exchange of goods, a financial, social or material gain can manifest on the expense of the deceived. The origins of deceit may have been simple survival mechanisms that ensure that the more pushy ones, the more egoistic individuals, would survive more easily (Leutenegger 1987).
1.1.2 Definition of Ethics and morale:
Human society has come up with definitions for dishonesty and developed coping strategies for dealing with deception (Bond, Omar et al. 1990). However, these definitions are far from fixed, but rather vary in different societies and may change over time (Jones 1991).
In some instances deception may be punished and sanctioned, in others it may be a generally accepted occurrence or
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even be encouraged. For instance, law-enforcement may employ deception and use misrepresentation as a tool in a number of areas, such as setting up sting operations to catch corrupt officials, placing informants in various undercover situations, and falsifying documents in witness relocation plans (Shine 1989).
The example demonstrates that the line between deception and socially accepted behaviour is at times vague at best. The attempt of defining this line is the function of ethics and the study of morale. Some fields of study distinguish between ethics as being of a more universal relevance and morale as being applicable for a distinguished social group (Wiktionary 2011).
In this study the terms ethics and morale are used interchangeably for the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession (Dictionary 2011).
1.1.3 The self in the regulation of behaviour:
The concept of the psychological self, self-consciousness or the self-concept, i.e. the way people view and perceive themselves, is a prerequisite in understanding the motivational- and other forces that move the individual to either behave ethical or unethical (Mazar, Amir et al. 2008).
Identity is viewed as something possessing hierarchies, networks or spaces, including personal characteristics , feelings, roles and social status (Burke 1980). The self-concept explains the reflections and interpretations of on-going behaviour the self performs on its identity.
The self-concept is today being viewed as dynamic and adjustable in its response to challenges from the social environment (Markus and Wurf 1987). The self-concept consists of self-representations, i.e. ways in which the self presents itself to the outer world. Some self-representations may be based on the actual self or images of the self, as it would like to appear (Stryker 2007).
The concepts can be at odds with each other, in so-called self-discrepancy (Higgins 1987). Not all self-representations are subje
The example demonstrates that the line between deception and socially accepted behaviour is at times vague at best. The attempt of defining this line is the function of ethics and the study of morale. Some fields of study distinguish between ethics as being of a more universal relevance and morale as being applicable for a distinguished social group (Wiktionary 2011).
In this study the terms ethics and morale are used interchangeably for the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession (Dictionary 2011).
1.1.3 The self in the regulation of behaviour:
The concept of the psychological self, self-consciousness or the self-concept, i.e. the way people view and perceive themselves, is a prerequisite in understanding the motivational- and other forces that move the individual to either behave ethical or unethical (Mazar, Amir et al. 2008).
Identity is viewed as something possessing hierarchies, networks or spaces, including personal characteristics , feelings, roles and social status (Burke 1980). The self-concept explains the reflections and interpretations of on-going behaviour the self performs on its identity.
The self-concept is today being viewed as dynamic and adjustable in its response to challenges from the social environment (Markus and Wurf 1987). The self-concept consists of self-representations, i.e. ways in which the self presents itself to the outer world. Some self-representations may be based on the actual self or images of the self, as it would like to appear (Stryker 2007).
The concepts can be at odds with each other, in so-called self-discrepancy (Higgins 1987). Not all self-representations are subje
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Autoren-Porträt von David Kitz Kramer
Dr. David Kitz Krämer grew up in the rural Eifel area in Germany, and lived and worked in Ireland, Sweden and Spain. He has always been passionate about natural sciences, social sciences and economics, and he began writing his own texts as a teenager already. Consequently, following studies of Bioengineering, and a doctoral dissertation in Physiology, he studied economics. Meanwhile he used every opportunity to write various texts. He has authored a wide range of published articles that span from political and sociological topics to publications of scientific research and educational reviews. Dr. Kitz Krämer currently heads the service department of an online-distributor of research reagents, and is member of the management board.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: David Kitz Kramer
- 2014, Erstauflage, 72 Seiten, 30 Abbildungen, Masse: 15,5 x 22 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Anchor Academic Publishing
- ISBN-10: 3954892154
- ISBN-13: 9783954892150
Sprache:
Englisch
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