Practical System Reliability (PDF)

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 Introduction. 2 System Availability. 2.1 Availability, Service and Elements. 2.2 Classical View. 2.3 Customers' View. 2.4 Standards View. 3 Conceptual Model of Reliability and Availability. 3.1 Concept of Highly Available Systems. 3.2 Conceptual Model of System Availability. 3.3 Failures. 3.4 Outage Resolution. 3.5 Downtime Budgets. 4 Why Availability Varies Between Customers. 4.1 Causes of Variation in Outage Event Reporting. 4.2 Causes of Variation in Outage Duration. 5 Modeling Availability. 5.1 Overview of Modeling Techniques. 5.2 Modeling Definitions. 5.3 Practical Modeling. 5.4 Widget Example. 5.5 Alignment with Industry Standards. 6 Estimating Parameters and Availability from Field Data. 6.1 Self-Maintaining Customers. 6.2 Analyzing Field Outage Data. 6.3 Analyzing Performance and Alarm Data. 6.4 Coverage Factor and Failure Rate. 6.5 Uncovered Failure Recovery Time. 6.6 Covered Failure Detection and Recovery Time. 7 Estimating Input Parameters from Lab Data. 7.1 Hardware Failure Rate. 7.2 Software Failure Rate. 7.3 Coverage Factors. 7.4 Timing Parameters. 7.5 System-Level Parameters. 8 Estimating Input Parameters in the Architecture/Design Stage. 8.1 Hardware Parameters. 8.2 System-Level Parameters. 8.3 Sensitivity Analysis. 9 Prediction Accuracy. 9.1 How Much Field Data Is Enough? 9.2 How Does One Measure Sampling and Prediction Errors? 9.3 What Causes Prediction Errors? 10 Connecting the Dots. 10.1 Set Availability Requirements. 10.2 Incorporate Architectural and Design Techniques. 10.3 Modeling to Verify Feasibility. 10.4 Testing. 10.5 Update Availability Prediction. 10.6 Periodic Field Validation and Model Update. 10.7 Building an Availability Roadmap. 10.8 Reliability Report. 11 Summary. Appendix A System Reliability Report outline. 1 Executive Summary. 2 Reliability Requirements. 3 Unplanned Downtime Model and Results. Annex A Reliability Definitions. Annex B References. Annex C Markov Model State-Transition Diagrams.

Eric Bauer is a manager of reliability engineering in
Alcatel-Lucent's wireline business in Murray Hill, New Jersey. He
has designed, modeled, and analyzed reliability for many different
products and solutions, and architected and developed software for
a variety of communications devices, platforms, and products.

Xuemei Zhang, PhD, is a principal member of the technical
staff in the Network Design and Performance Analysis Department at
AT&T Labs. She has been working on reliability and performance
analysis of wireline and wireless communications systems and
networks. Her major work and research areas are in system and
architectural reliability and performance, product and solution
reliability and performance modeling, and software reliability.

Douglas A. Kimber retired from Alcatel-Lucent as a staff
reliability engineer. Throughout his career at Bell Labs, Lucent
Technologies, and Alcatel-Lucent, he developed high reliability
hardware and software platforms, applications, and systems, and
then transitioned to reliability engineering where he did
reliability modeling and analysis.

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