Chemical Sensors and Biosensors for Medical and Biological Applications (PDF)

INTRODUCTION Chemical and Biosensors as Alternative Analytical Tools The Concept of Chemical and Biochemical Sensors Recognition Processes and Sensortechnology: Milestones ANALYTICAL GOALS What Does "Data" Mean, What Does "Information" Mean? The Impact of Analytical Results Analytical Goals in Clinical Chemistry CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL SENSORS Specification and Nomenclature The Recognition Process for Ions or Neutral Species THE WAY TO CONTROL SENSOR REACTIONS Thermodynamically Controlled Sensor Reactions Thermodynamics of Nonequilibria, Diffusion and "Steady-State" Rate Controlled Sensor Reactions, Mediated Enzyme Reactions Non-Thermodynamic Assumptions: What Should be Measured and What Should be Reported? THE ARTIFICIAL ANALYTE-SELECTIVE MEMBRANE: LIMITATIONS, TECHNOLOGICAL PRECAUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS Membrane Models: Multilayer, Mixed Potential, Electrical Circuit Membrane Composition and Membrane Medium The Selectivity Coefficient Response Behavior of Sensing Systems Lifetime, Lipophilicity, and Immobilisation Interactions by the Biological Matrix and Precautions ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES, POTENTIOMETRIC SENSORS The Symmetric Potentiometric Cell The Magnesium-Selective Electrode Microelectrodes for Intercellular Measurements Miniaturized pH-Probe for Gastric Juice OPTICAL SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS IN DILUTED PLASMA Introduction and Medical Applications "Simon Optodes": Realized Chemical Principles of Operation Medical Assays: Applications in Diluted Plasma Analytical Performance Parameters Optical Transducing Elements Based on Multiple Internal Reflection (MIRE) Trend to Miniaturized Integrated Optical Sensors (MIOS) MEDIATED AMPEROMETRIC BIOSENSORS DATA VALIDATION AND INTERPRETATION DATA TABLES AND INSTRUCTIONS Terminology of Diagnostic Performance Parameters Biological Setting-Points for Electrolytes Allowable Analytical Errors for Electrolytes in Medical Assays Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Biological Abundant Cations Structures and Physical Data of

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