Stardust, Supernovae and the Molecules of Life

Table of Contents.- Preface.- Chapter 1: Introduction.- 1.1: In the Beginning.- 1.2: What is "Life?".- 1.3: The Miller Urey Experiment.- 1.4: General Background and Definitions.- Chapter 2: What is the Origin of the Lightest Elements.- 2.1: The Big Bang.- 2.2: The Supernova Cosmology Project.- 2.3: The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.- 2.4: Olber's Paradox.- 2.5: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis - BBN.- Chapter 3: What is the Origin of the Rest of the Elements?.- 3.1: Introduction to Stellar Nucleosynthesis.- 3.2.1: Hydrogen Burning.- 3.2.2: Helium Burning.- 3.2.3: Subsequent Burning Stages.- 3.3: After Stellar Burning.- 3.3.1: Creating a Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion.- 3.3.2: Synthesizing the Heavy Elements.- 3.3.3: White Dwarfs.- 3.3.4: Type Ia Supernovae.- Chapter 4: Creation of Molecules in the Interstellar Medium.- 4.1: The Electromagnetic Spectrum.- 4.2: Detecting Photons of Different Energies.- 4.3: Secrets from Meteorites.- 4.4: Mining the Comets.- 4.5: The Next Huge Step - Forming Life from the Molecules Delivered to Earth.- Chapter 5: Amino Acids and Chirality.- 5.1: A Primer on Amino Acids.- 5.2: Chirality and Polarization.- 5.3: Relating Optical and Molecular Chirality.- 5.3.1: Chiral Selection.- 5.3.2: A Little Atomic Physics and Some Very Basic Quantum Mechanics.- 5.4: The Other Molecules of Life.- Chapter 6: How Have Scientists Explained the Amino Acid Chirality?.- 6.1: Models that Produce Chirality.- 6.1.1: Chiral Selection via Circularly Polarized Sunlight.- 6.1.2: Chiral Selection via Circularly Polarized Sunlight.- 6.1.3: Chiral Selection via the Weak Interaction.- 6.1.4: Chiral Selection via Chemical Selection in Clay.- 6.2: Amplification via Chemical Catalysis.- 6.3: Laboratory Experiments and Theoretical Developments.- 6.4: Terrestrial Amplification.- 6.5: Concluding Remarks on Amplification.- Chapter 7: What Happens to the Amino Acids When the Supernova Explodes?.- 7.1: The Supernova.- 7.2: The Neutrino Story.- 7.3: Interactionsof Neutrinos

Dr. Richard Boyd was the Science Director of the National Ignition Facility, Lawrence Livermore National Lab from 2007-2010 and now serves as a staff physicist at LLNL. He earned his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Minnesota in 1967, and has been a physics professor at the University of Rochester from 1972 to 1978 and a professor of physics and astronomy at Ohio State University from 1984 to 2002. Dr. Boyd also served as a program officer at the National Science Foundation from 2002 to 2006, managing the NSF portfolios in nuclear and particle astrophysics as well as nuclear physics. Following that, he was a visiting professor at the National Astronomical Observatory in Japan. Dr. Boyd has enjoyed a research career that resulted in more than 200 publications, both experimental and theoretical, and one graduate-level textbook on nuclear astrophysics. He was awarded an Outstanding Scholar award from Ohio State University in 1982, and was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was named an honorary Native American of the Santa Clara Pueblo in 1997, and an Eminent Scientist of the Institute for Physical and Chemical Research in Japan in 1998-1999.of Minnesota in 1967, and has been a physics professor at the University of Rochester from 1972 to 1978 and a professor of physics and astronomy at Ohio State University from 1984 to 2002. Dr. Boyd also served as a program officer at the National Science Foundation from 2002 to 2006, managing the NSF portfolios in nuclear and particle astrophysics as well as nuclear physics. Following that, he was a visiting professor at the National Astronomical Observatory in Japan. Dr. Boyd has enjoyed a research career that resulted in more than 200 publications, both experimental and theoretical, and one graduate-level textbook on nuclear astrophysics. He was awarded an Outstanding Scholar award from Ohio State University in 1982, and was named a Fellow of

From the reviews:"Boyd ... presents a summary of his work and that of his colleagues in which the left-handed symmetry is postulated to result from exposure of the amino acids to circularly polarized starlight during their formation in space. ... the book serves as an in-depth introduction to the topic of the extraterrestrial origin of amino acids. ... The text is very lucid and accessible to general readers ... . Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through graduate students; informed general readers." (A. Spero, Choice, Vol. 49 (11), August, 2012)

From the reviews:

"Book shows the reader first the beginning of atoms and molecules, and how they formed, and then continues with the intriguing question of chirality in molecules, and in amino acids in particular. ... presented in an easily understandable way with several schematics and images to explain some of the concepts. ... presents an interesting topic, that is certainly exciting and informative for the general reader, showing connections between various fields of research, and different astronomical objects and life on Earth." (Kadri Tinn, AstroMadness.com, April, 2014)"Boyd ... presents a summary of his work and that of his colleagues in which the left-handed symmetry is postulated to result from exposure of the amino acids to circularly polarized starlight during their formation in space. ... the book serves as an in-depth introduction to the topic of the extraterrestrial origin of amino acids. ... The text is very lucid and accessible to general readers ... . Summing Up: Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through graduate students; informed general readers." (A. Spero, Choice, Vol. 49 (11), August, 2012)