On the Movement of Animals

I On the External Motions of Animals and the Involved Forces.- To the august Queen Christina.- Carlo Giovanni from the regular clerics of Jesus, general superior of the arm and pious scholars of the Mother of God. Benevolent reader, greetings.- I Enumeration of what must be assumed in dealing with movement of the animals.- II Description and function of the muscle.- III Magnitude of the vital motive power of the muscles according to the ancients.- IV Theorems useful to show the hugeness of the motive power of the muscles.- V Although contracted with a maximum effort by a determined magnitude of motive power, a muscle sometimes may exert very little or no force.- VI Mechanical lemmas useful to explain the power or the moment of the muscles.- VII The tendons of the muscles must not be attached to the extremities of the articulated bones but well on tuberosities in the vicinity of the joint with their direction oblique to the longitudinal axis of the bone.- VIII On the motive power and on the moments of the flexor muscles of the elbow.- IX On the flexor muscles of the lower leg and their action about the knee.- X On the double increase of the forces of the muscles flexing the forearm and the lower leg.- XI On the moment and apparent magnitude of the motive power exerted by the extensor muscles of the lower leg.- XII On the greater increase of the force which, to carry the same load with the same bones, is required from the muscles which are involved in the operation.- XIII Lemmas necessary to analyse the motive power of the muscles the fibres of which are not parallel and pull obliquely.- XIV On the muscles pulling obliquely, their varying structure and their action.- XV Analysis of the forces exerted by the radial muscles described so far.- XVI Lemmas of mechanics necessary for a more accurate analysis of the motive force exerted by the muscles.- XVII More accurate analysis of the motive power of the muscles described above.- XVIII On the stance of the animals.- XIX