Economic Dependence of Mongolia on Minerals

Dr. Yoshitaka HOSOI has qualifications both in mining and in economics. He is currently a visiting professor/lecturer at Akita University, Hokkaido University, and Kyushu University, all of which are in Japan. He teaches courses in international relations, resources economics, and international cooperation. He has taught at the University of Tokyo, Osaka University, and others as well. He is also senior advisor for natural resources of the Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA), which is a Japanese government organization for Official Development Assistance (ODA). His task is to advise JICA and developing countries in the mining field, formulate projects, supervise implementing projects, and conduct human resource development in Africa, Asia, the Pacific, and South America. Before joining JICA, he worked for the Deep Ocean Resources Development Co., Ltd. (DORD), which holds a manganese nodules concession in the Central Pacific, as general manager of the Exploration Department for planning and executing exploration. Before DORD, he worked for the Japan Oil, Gas, and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC), which is a Japanese governmental organization, for 33 years. He has experience in mineral exploration, mine development, technology development, mine pollution surveys and prevention, and mineral economics in almost 100 countries. He has been a visiting lecturer at the University of the South Pacific in Fiji, and Adamson University in the Philippines. He has held positions in the SODIMIZA mining company in Zaire, Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), Japan Mining Engineering Centre for International Cooperation (JMEC), and SOPAC South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission (SOPAC) in Fiji. He has also published numerous papers and articles in areas of exploration, the mining industry, and economics. He has published the books Mining and Development (2009), Mineral Resources Frontier (2012), and Mining in Africa (2014). He holds a Bachelor of Mining Engineering degree from Akita University, has done postgraduate research in mining at the University of Tokyo, a master's in economics from the University of Santo Tomas in the Philippines, and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Queensland in Australia. 

Dr. TUVSHINTUGS Batdelger

Tuvshintugs Batdelger is the director of the Economic Research Institute (ERI) and an associate professor of economics at the National University of Mongolia. He has a bachelor's degree in economics from the National University of Mongolia; a master's degree in economics from the University of Manchester, UK; and a Ph.D. in economics from Boston University, USA. He has experience working at the Bank of Mongolia and was the head of the Economics Department of the National University of Mongolia from 2014 to 2017. He has been a member of the Economic Policy Council under the prime minister of Mongolia since 2012 and was a member ofthe Monetary Policy Committee from 2011 to 2016. He has been actively involved in policy discussions in the country through the establishment and operation of ERI since 2010, one of the longest-running think tanks in the country. Through ERI, he successfully contributed to policy discussions on wide-ranging economic and social issues by coordinating and implementing many projects by international organizations, such as the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and JICA. In particular, he successfully led research teams conducting an economic assessment of big mining and industrial projects on the country's economy and society in general. He has successfully conducted and published policy research studies in international peer-reviewed journals and publications such as Applied Economics, Resources Policy, and East Asia Forum and has authored chapters on the Mongolian economy in numerous books. His current research interests are the role of mining in the economy and soc