Current Thoughts on Dementia

Risk Factors

  Apolipoprotein E (APOE)

  Histone modifications, demethylation, and microRNA regulation

  Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)

  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

  Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1)   Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)



  Leptin signaling

  Insulin signaling

  Autophagic  dysfunction

  Ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction

  Circadian dysfunction

  Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

  Depression

  Normal pressure hydrocephalus

  Antiphospholipid antibodies

  Sex hormones

  Changes in blood factors

  Infection-induced systemic inflammation

  Microbiota

  Abdominal visceral fat

  Atypical microvascular morphology

  Plasma exosomes spread

  Changes in visual cortex

  Obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension   Environmental pollutions



 

Therapeutic Interventions   NMDA receptor antagonists 



  Calcium channel blockers

  Catecholamine

  Statins

  Immunotherapy

  Quitting smoking

  Physical activity

  Diet and nutrition

  Natural products as promising drug candidates

  Nanotechnological applications

  Electroacupuncture

  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

  Transcranial direct current stimulation   Reminiscence therapy



  Reality orientation therapy

  Bright-light therapy

  Snoezelen multi-sensory stimulation

  Behavioral therapy

  Brain-computer interface applications

  Music therapy

  Hypoxic-hyperoxic training

  Cognitive rehabilitation

  Cognitive creativity

  Stem cell research

Ghulam Md Ashraf is currently working as an Associate Professor at King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He has received his PhD in Biochemistry from Aligarh Muslim University, India in 2010. Dr. Ashraf has to his credit 273 publications ranging from peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and book chapters published with scholarly publishers (total citations: 4618, h-index: 33, i10-index: 128). He has been involved in 19 research projects funded by various agencies of Saudi Arabia, and is associated with renowned professional societies like Royal Society of Medicine (Fellow), Royal Society of Biology (Member) and American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Member). Dr. Ashraf's current research work focuses on investigating the role of anti-diabetic drugs in pyschotic and dementia conditions. Dr. Ashraf is also involved in editorial capacity with many reputed journals like PLOS one, Scientific Reports, Current Neuropharmacology, Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Neural Regeneration Research, Current Proteins and Peptides, Journal of Proteomics, to mention a few.