Smart Grid (ePub)

About the authors xi Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv List of abbreviations xvii 1 The Smart Grid 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Why implement the Smart Grid now? 2 1.3 What is the Smart Grid? 6 1.4 Early Smart Grid initiatives 7 1.5 Overview of the technologies required for the Smart Grid 12 References 14 Part I INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 2 Data communication 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Dedicated and shared communication channels 19 2.3 Switching techniques 23 2.4 Communication channels 25 2.5 Layered architecture and protocols 35 References 43 3 Communication technologies for the Smart Grid 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Communication technologies 46 3.3 Standards for information exchange 62 References 66 4 Information security for the Smart Grid 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Encryption and decryption 70 4.3 Authentication 76 4.4 Digital signatures 77 4.5 Cyber security standards 79 References 80 Part II SENSING, MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES 5 Smart metering and demand-side integration 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Smart metering 84 5.3 Smart meters: An overview of the hardware used 86 5.4 Communications infrastructure and protocols for smart metering 96 5.5 Demand-side integration 99 References 111 6 Distribution automation equipment 113 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Substation automation equipment 114 6.3 Faults in the distribution system 125 6.4 Voltage regulation 135 References 139 7 Distribution management systems 141 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Data sources and associated external systems 142 7.3 Modelling and analysis tools 144 7.4 Applications 165 References 171 8 Transmission system operation 173 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 Data sources 173 8.3 Energy management systems 177 8.4 Wide area applications 179 8.5 Visualisation techniques 183 References 186 Part III POWER ELECTRONICS AND ENERGY STORAGE 9 Power electronic converters 189 9.1 Introduction 189 9.2 Current source converters 191 9.3 Voltage source converters 195 References 203 10 Power

Professor Janaka Ekanayake, Cardiff University, UK

Professor Ekanayake is currently at the Institute of Energy at
Cardiff University. As module leader on an MSc course, he teaches
intelligent electronic devices, their applications and automation.
He also teaches power electronic applications to power systems,
flexible ac transmission systems and HVDC.Previous to this he was a
Research Fellow at the University of Manchester. He was promoted to
Professor in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the
University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka in 2003. Professor Ekanayake
has published over 25 papers in refereed journals and has
co-authored three books in the area of wind integration.

Dr Kithsiri Liyanage, University of Peradeniya, Sri
Lanka

Dr Liyanage is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, University of Peradeniya. Prior to this
he served as Dean of the Faculty of Engineering, University of
Ruhuna and as Director of the Information Technology Centre,
University of Peradenyia. He has been with the University of Tokyo
as a Visiting Research Fellow since 2008. He has served as
coordinator of and consultant to several ICT and power generation
projects.

Dr Jianzhong Wu, Cardiff University, UK

Dr Wu is a lecturer at the Institute of Energy, School of
Engineering, Cardiff University. Privious to this he was a research
fellow at the University of Manchester and Associate Professor at
Tianjin University, China. He has been involved in several Chinese
national research programmes, developing advanced software tools
for distribution network operation, planning, for on-line security
monitoring, assessment and optimisation for transmission
networks.

Professor Akihiko Yokoyama, University of Tokyo, Japan

Professor Yokoyama is based at the Department of Engineering at
the University of Tokyo. He is alsoProfessor in the Department of
Advanced Energy at the Graduate School of Frontier Sciences He

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