Tropical Agroforestry
(Sprache: Englisch)
Agroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land-use management in the tropics, as it provides environmental-friendly ecosystems; it also provides people with their every day need for food and cash. Since the recognition of agroforestry as a science,...
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Agroforestry is recognized as a sustainable land-use management in the tropics, as it provides environmental-friendly ecosystems; it also provides people with their every day need for food and cash. Since the recognition of agroforestry as a science, curricula have been developed for agroforestry programs for undergraduate and graduate trainings in Universities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop and make available educational material. This textbook strives to provide up-to-date information on tropical agroforestry to serve as educational material in the tropical context. The authoritative textbook of Nair (1993) on agroforestry was published 18 years ago, and before the advent of tree domestication, an important agroforestry practice today. In addition, many other research activities, such as carbon sequestration and integrated pest management, have been included in the agroforestry agenda. This textbook is intended for agroforestry students, teachers, and practitioners.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Tropical Agroforestry “
PrefaceAcknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I: Tropical Biomes, Land Use Issues and Introduction to Agroforestry Systems
1. Tropical biomes: classification and description
1.1. Classification of biomes based on climate
1.1.1. The Köppen-Geiger classification system
1.1.2. The Holdridge life zones system
1.2. Other classification systems of biomes
1.2.1. Forest classification according to plant species
1.2.2. Forest classification based on soil nutrient status
1.2.3. Forest classification based on function
1.2.4. Classification of semiarid tropical biomes
1.3. Main tropical humid and semiarid biomes
1.3.1. Congo basin rain forests
1.3.2. Central and South American rain forests
1.3.3. Southeast Asian tropical rain forests
1.3.4. Australian savannas
1.3.5. African savannas
1.3.6. Central American and Caribbean Islands savannas
1.3.7. South American savannas
2. The importance of tropical forest and semiarid ecosystems
Bibliography
2: Major Land Use Issues in the Tropics, and the History of Agroforestry
Abstract
Introduction
2.1. Impacts of traditional natural resource use on tropical ecosystems
2.1.1. Deforestation
2.1.2. Grazing
2.1.3. Effects of unsustainable use of ecosystem resources on soil, groundwater and fauna
2.1.4. Effects of unsustainable use of resources on plants and biodiversity
2.2. History of agroforestry
Bibliography
3: Definitions and Classification of Agroforestry Systems
Abstract
Introduction
3.1. Definition of agroforestry
3.2. Some basic concepts in agroforestry
3.3. Classification of agroforestry systems
3.3.1. Classification based on vegetation structure
3.3.2. Classification based on function
3.3.3. Classification based on socio-economic activities
3.3.4. Ecological classification
3.3.5. A framework for agroforestry classification
Bibliography
4: Major Agroforestry Systems of the Humid Tropics
Abstract
Introduction
4.1. Homegardens
4.1.1. Intensive
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small-scale farming systems
4.2. Perennial crop based agroforestry systems
4.2.1. Jungle rubbers (rubber agroforests)
4.3. Farm woodslots
4.4. Annual or biennial food crop farms: slash-and-burn agriculture
4.5. Alley cropping/Intercropping systems
4.6. Improved fallows and rotational tree fallows
4.6.1. Improved fallows with herbaceous legumes: the case of Cajanus cajan
Bibliography
5: Major Agroforestry Systems of the Semiarid Tropics
Abstract
Introduction
5.1. Annual or biannual food crop farms in the semiarid tropics: shifting cultivation
5.2. Multipurpose trees on farmlands: agroforestry parklands
5.3. Silvopastures
5.3.1. Fodder trees and shrubs
5.4. Windbreaks
5.4.1. Trees used as windbreaks
5.5. Live fences
5.6. Buffer strips
Bibliography
6: Participatory Domestication of New Crops using Agroforestry Techniques
Abstract
Introduction
6.1. History of the participatory domestication of agroforestry species
6.2. Participatory domestication as implemented by ICRAF and its partners
6.2.1. Characterization of phenotypic variation and tree selection
6.2.2. Vegetative propagation of agroforestry species
6.2.3. Germplasm management and integration in land use systems
6.2.4. Genetic resources conservation
6.3. Priority species for domestication
6.3.1. Examples of tree species under domestication in the humid lowlands of West and Central Africa
6.3.1.1. Irvingia gabonensis/Irvingia wombolu (Bush mango)
6.3.1.2. Dacryodes edulis (Safou or African Plum)
6.3.1.3. Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax (ndjansang)
6.3.1.4. Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple)
6.3.1.5. Garcinia kola (Bitter cola)
6.3.1.6. Gnetum africanum/Gnetum buccholzianum (Eru of Fumbua)
6.3.1.7. Cola acuminate, C. anomala - and C. nitida (Kola nut or Cola Nuts)
6.3.1.8. Prunus africana (African cherry)
6.3.1.9. Pausinystalia johimbe (Yohimbe)
6.3.1.10. Annickia chlorantha (African Whitewood)
6.3.1.11. Allanblackia floribunda - Oliv. (Tallow Tree)
6.3.2. Examples of priority species for domestication in the Sahel
6.3.3. Domestication of priority species in Southern Africa
6.3.4. Domestication of priority species in Latin America
6.3.5. Domestication of priority species in India, Southeast Asia, and Oceania
Bibliography
Part II: The Benefits and Services of Agroforestry Systems
7. Ecological Interaction and Productivity in Agroforestry Systems
Abstract
Introduction
7.1. Interactions of components in agroforestry systems
7.1.1. Positive interactions
7.1.2. Negative interactions
7.1.3. Neutral interactions
7.2. Soil productivity in agroforestry
Bibliography
8. Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Mycorrhizal Associations in Agroforestry
Abstract
Introduction
8.1. Plant species forming associations with Rhizobium - or mycorrhizal fungi
8.1.1. Acacia sensu lato
8.1.2. Albizia
8.1.3. Calliandra calothyrsus
8.1.4. Erythrina
8.1.5. Gliricidia sepium
8.1.6. Inga edulis
8.1.7. Leucaena leucocephala
8.1.8. Mimosa
8.1.9. Sesbania
8.2. Actinomycorrhizal plants
8.2.1. Alnus acuminata (syn. Alnus jorullensis)
8.2.2. Casuarinaceae
8.2.3. Coriaria
8.3. Quantification of nitrogen fixation
8.3.1. Total nitrogen difference
8.3.2. Acetylene reduction assay
8.3.3. 15N enrichment
8.3.4. Natural abundance in 15N
8.3.5. Sap nitrogen solute analysis
8.4. Technologies for the exploitation of nitrogen-fixing mycorrhizal plants in agroforestry
8.4.1. Selecting species and provenances of nitrogen-fixing trees
8.4.2. Inoculation with Rhizobium - or Frankia
8.4.3. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi
8.4.4. Fertilizers
8.4.5. Acidity control
8.5. Areas of research concerning nitrogen fixation and mycorrhizae in agroforestry
Bibliography
9. Agroforestry for Soil Conservation
Abstract
Introduction
9.1. Concepts and trends in soil conservation
9.2. Measurement of soil erosion
9.3. Erosion control using agroforestry practices
9.4. Effects of agroforestry practices on erosion factors
9.5. Erosion rates in agroforestry systems
9.6. Windbreaks for erosion control
9.6.1. Anticipated costs and benefits of windbreaks for soil conservation
Bibliography
10. Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems
Abstract
Introduction
10.1. The potential for C sequestration in agroforestry systems
10.2. Agroforestry and REDD
Bibliography
11. Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes
Abstract
Introduction
11.1. The agroforestry and deforestation hypothesis
11.2. The agroforestry - habitat hypothesis
11.3. The agroforestry - matrix hypothesis
Bibliography
12. Integrated Pest Management in Tropical Agroforestry
Abstract
12.1. Pests in tropical agroforestry systems
12.2. Agroforestry practices for pest management
12.3. Research areas on pest management using agroforestry techniques
Bibliography
Part III: Research Methods in Agroforestry
13. Diagnosis and Design (D & D) Approach and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
Abstract
Introduction
13.1. The D & D method
13.2. Main concepts and procedures of the D & D method
13.3. Scales of D & D
13.4. Participatory Rural Appraisal in agroforestry
13.5. Evaluating agroforestry technologies
Bibliography
14. Experimental Design in Agroforestry
Abstract
14.1. Agroforestry research
14.2. Experimentation in the field
14.3. Particularities of agroforestry experiments
14.3.1. Size and arrangements of the plot
14.3.2. Experimental designs
14.4. On-going field agroforestry experiments in the tropics
14.4.1. Screening and MPTS selection tests
14.4.2. Experiments on management systems and components
14.4.3. Studies on the interaction of components
14.4.4. Prototype evaluations
14.4.5. Testing and evaluation of germplasm and provenances
14.4.6. Development and fine-tuning of protocols for vegetative propagation of agroforestry species
14.4.7. Characterization of phenotypic variation and selection of plus-trees for improvement
Bibliography
15. On-Farm Agroforestry Research
Abstract
Introduction
15.1. Rationale and approaches of on-farm research
15.2. Characteristics, objectives and types of on-farm agroforestry research
15.3. Some methods used in on-farm research
15.3.1. Stability analyses
15.3.2. Assessment of agroforestry adoption potential
15.4. Widespread dissemination of agroforestry technologies
Bibliography
Part IV: Economic and Cultural Considerations in Tropical Agroforestry
16. Economics in Agroforestry
Abstract
Introduction
16.1. Principles of economic analyses
16.2. Analysis of projects in agroforestry
16.2.1. Evaluations using "with" and "without" approaches
16.2.2. Discounting
16.2.3. Evaluation criteria
16.2.3.1. Net present value
16.2.3.2. Land expectation value
16.2.3.3. Internal rate of return
16.2.3.4. Benefits and Costs ratio
16.2.4. Break-even Relative Additional Costs (BeRAC) and Actual Relative Additional Costs (ARAC)
16.2.5. Payback period
16.2.6. Farm budgeting and partial budgets
16.2.7. Quantification and valorization
16.2.7.1. Capital goods
16.2.7.2. Labor
16.2.7.3. Land
16.2.7.4. Benefit valuation of agroforestry products
16.2.7.5. Direct production
16.2.7.6. Environmental benefits
16.2.7.7. Risk assessment in agroforestry
16.2.7.8. Sensitivity analysis
16.2.7.9. Risk-benefit analysis
16.2.8. Econometrics in agroforestry
16.2.9. Optimization in agroforestry
16.3. Economic studies in agroforestry
16.3.1. General studies
16.3.2. Agroforestry system economic studies
16.3.3. Alley cropping and improved fallows
16.3.4. Economic assessment and commercialization of other agroforestry practices
Bibliography
17. Socio-Cultural Aspects of Agroforestry and Adoption
Abstract
Introduction
17.1. The social aspects of agroforestry research
17.2. Important socio-cultural factors for adoption of agroforestry
17.2.1. Land tenure
17.2.2. Labor
17.2.3. Marketing of NTFPs and AFTPs and adoption of agroforestry
17.2.4. Other social factors affecting the acceptability of agroforestry
17.3. Farmers' perceptions of planting trees
17.4. Public policies and implementation of agroforestry
17.5. Social acceptability
Bibliography
Part V: Outlook on Tropical Agroforestry
18. Tropical Agroforestry for Biofuels Production
Abstract. Introduction
18.1. Tropical agroforestry species with potential for biofuel production
18.2. Studies on biofuels in tropical agroforestry
Bibliography
19. Phytoremediation in Tropical Agroforestry
Abstract
Introduction
19.1. Tropical agroforestry species and plant-symbiont associations with potential for phytoremediation
19.2. Agroforestry systems with potential for phytoremediation in the tropics
19.2.1. Short-rotation woody crop systems and phytoremediation
19.2.2. Riparian buffers and phytoremediation in tropical agroforestry
19.2.3. Hydraulic lift and phytoremediation in tropical agroforestry
19.3. Tropical agroforestry and phytoremediation: next steps
Bibliography
20. Agroforestry and the Carbon Market in the Tropics
Abstract
Introduction
20.1. Carbon payment mechanisms and tropical agroforestry
20.1.1. Carbon contract options on agroforestry
20.2. REDD+ in tropical agroforestry and land tenure
20.3. Economics of REDD+ and PES
Bibliography
21. Agroforestry Modeling
Abstract
Introduction
21.1. Species choice in agroforestry
21.2. Computing tools uses in agroforestry
Bibliography
4.2. Perennial crop based agroforestry systems
4.2.1. Jungle rubbers (rubber agroforests)
4.3. Farm woodslots
4.4. Annual or biennial food crop farms: slash-and-burn agriculture
4.5. Alley cropping/Intercropping systems
4.6. Improved fallows and rotational tree fallows
4.6.1. Improved fallows with herbaceous legumes: the case of Cajanus cajan
Bibliography
5: Major Agroforestry Systems of the Semiarid Tropics
Abstract
Introduction
5.1. Annual or biannual food crop farms in the semiarid tropics: shifting cultivation
5.2. Multipurpose trees on farmlands: agroforestry parklands
5.3. Silvopastures
5.3.1. Fodder trees and shrubs
5.4. Windbreaks
5.4.1. Trees used as windbreaks
5.5. Live fences
5.6. Buffer strips
Bibliography
6: Participatory Domestication of New Crops using Agroforestry Techniques
Abstract
Introduction
6.1. History of the participatory domestication of agroforestry species
6.2. Participatory domestication as implemented by ICRAF and its partners
6.2.1. Characterization of phenotypic variation and tree selection
6.2.2. Vegetative propagation of agroforestry species
6.2.3. Germplasm management and integration in land use systems
6.2.4. Genetic resources conservation
6.3. Priority species for domestication
6.3.1. Examples of tree species under domestication in the humid lowlands of West and Central Africa
6.3.1.1. Irvingia gabonensis/Irvingia wombolu (Bush mango)
6.3.1.2. Dacryodes edulis (Safou or African Plum)
6.3.1.3. Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax (ndjansang)
6.3.1.4. Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple)
6.3.1.5. Garcinia kola (Bitter cola)
6.3.1.6. Gnetum africanum/Gnetum buccholzianum (Eru of Fumbua)
6.3.1.7. Cola acuminate, C. anomala - and C. nitida (Kola nut or Cola Nuts)
6.3.1.8. Prunus africana (African cherry)
6.3.1.9. Pausinystalia johimbe (Yohimbe)
6.3.1.10. Annickia chlorantha (African Whitewood)
6.3.1.11. Allanblackia floribunda - Oliv. (Tallow Tree)
6.3.2. Examples of priority species for domestication in the Sahel
6.3.3. Domestication of priority species in Southern Africa
6.3.4. Domestication of priority species in Latin America
6.3.5. Domestication of priority species in India, Southeast Asia, and Oceania
Bibliography
Part II: The Benefits and Services of Agroforestry Systems
7. Ecological Interaction and Productivity in Agroforestry Systems
Abstract
Introduction
7.1. Interactions of components in agroforestry systems
7.1.1. Positive interactions
7.1.2. Negative interactions
7.1.3. Neutral interactions
7.2. Soil productivity in agroforestry
Bibliography
8. Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Mycorrhizal Associations in Agroforestry
Abstract
Introduction
8.1. Plant species forming associations with Rhizobium - or mycorrhizal fungi
8.1.1. Acacia sensu lato
8.1.2. Albizia
8.1.3. Calliandra calothyrsus
8.1.4. Erythrina
8.1.5. Gliricidia sepium
8.1.6. Inga edulis
8.1.7. Leucaena leucocephala
8.1.8. Mimosa
8.1.9. Sesbania
8.2. Actinomycorrhizal plants
8.2.1. Alnus acuminata (syn. Alnus jorullensis)
8.2.2. Casuarinaceae
8.2.3. Coriaria
8.3. Quantification of nitrogen fixation
8.3.1. Total nitrogen difference
8.3.2. Acetylene reduction assay
8.3.3. 15N enrichment
8.3.4. Natural abundance in 15N
8.3.5. Sap nitrogen solute analysis
8.4. Technologies for the exploitation of nitrogen-fixing mycorrhizal plants in agroforestry
8.4.1. Selecting species and provenances of nitrogen-fixing trees
8.4.2. Inoculation with Rhizobium - or Frankia
8.4.3. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi
8.4.4. Fertilizers
8.4.5. Acidity control
8.5. Areas of research concerning nitrogen fixation and mycorrhizae in agroforestry
Bibliography
9. Agroforestry for Soil Conservation
Abstract
Introduction
9.1. Concepts and trends in soil conservation
9.2. Measurement of soil erosion
9.3. Erosion control using agroforestry practices
9.4. Effects of agroforestry practices on erosion factors
9.5. Erosion rates in agroforestry systems
9.6. Windbreaks for erosion control
9.6.1. Anticipated costs and benefits of windbreaks for soil conservation
Bibliography
10. Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems
Abstract
Introduction
10.1. The potential for C sequestration in agroforestry systems
10.2. Agroforestry and REDD
Bibliography
11. Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes
Abstract
Introduction
11.1. The agroforestry and deforestation hypothesis
11.2. The agroforestry - habitat hypothesis
11.3. The agroforestry - matrix hypothesis
Bibliography
12. Integrated Pest Management in Tropical Agroforestry
Abstract
12.1. Pests in tropical agroforestry systems
12.2. Agroforestry practices for pest management
12.3. Research areas on pest management using agroforestry techniques
Bibliography
Part III: Research Methods in Agroforestry
13. Diagnosis and Design (D & D) Approach and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
Abstract
Introduction
13.1. The D & D method
13.2. Main concepts and procedures of the D & D method
13.3. Scales of D & D
13.4. Participatory Rural Appraisal in agroforestry
13.5. Evaluating agroforestry technologies
Bibliography
14. Experimental Design in Agroforestry
Abstract
14.1. Agroforestry research
14.2. Experimentation in the field
14.3. Particularities of agroforestry experiments
14.3.1. Size and arrangements of the plot
14.3.2. Experimental designs
14.4. On-going field agroforestry experiments in the tropics
14.4.1. Screening and MPTS selection tests
14.4.2. Experiments on management systems and components
14.4.3. Studies on the interaction of components
14.4.4. Prototype evaluations
14.4.5. Testing and evaluation of germplasm and provenances
14.4.6. Development and fine-tuning of protocols for vegetative propagation of agroforestry species
14.4.7. Characterization of phenotypic variation and selection of plus-trees for improvement
Bibliography
15. On-Farm Agroforestry Research
Abstract
Introduction
15.1. Rationale and approaches of on-farm research
15.2. Characteristics, objectives and types of on-farm agroforestry research
15.3. Some methods used in on-farm research
15.3.1. Stability analyses
15.3.2. Assessment of agroforestry adoption potential
15.4. Widespread dissemination of agroforestry technologies
Bibliography
Part IV: Economic and Cultural Considerations in Tropical Agroforestry
16. Economics in Agroforestry
Abstract
Introduction
16.1. Principles of economic analyses
16.2. Analysis of projects in agroforestry
16.2.1. Evaluations using "with" and "without" approaches
16.2.2. Discounting
16.2.3. Evaluation criteria
16.2.3.1. Net present value
16.2.3.2. Land expectation value
16.2.3.3. Internal rate of return
16.2.3.4. Benefits and Costs ratio
16.2.4. Break-even Relative Additional Costs (BeRAC) and Actual Relative Additional Costs (ARAC)
16.2.5. Payback period
16.2.6. Farm budgeting and partial budgets
16.2.7. Quantification and valorization
16.2.7.1. Capital goods
16.2.7.2. Labor
16.2.7.3. Land
16.2.7.4. Benefit valuation of agroforestry products
16.2.7.5. Direct production
16.2.7.6. Environmental benefits
16.2.7.7. Risk assessment in agroforestry
16.2.7.8. Sensitivity analysis
16.2.7.9. Risk-benefit analysis
16.2.8. Econometrics in agroforestry
16.2.9. Optimization in agroforestry
16.3. Economic studies in agroforestry
16.3.1. General studies
16.3.2. Agroforestry system economic studies
16.3.3. Alley cropping and improved fallows
16.3.4. Economic assessment and commercialization of other agroforestry practices
Bibliography
17. Socio-Cultural Aspects of Agroforestry and Adoption
Abstract
Introduction
17.1. The social aspects of agroforestry research
17.2. Important socio-cultural factors for adoption of agroforestry
17.2.1. Land tenure
17.2.2. Labor
17.2.3. Marketing of NTFPs and AFTPs and adoption of agroforestry
17.2.4. Other social factors affecting the acceptability of agroforestry
17.3. Farmers' perceptions of planting trees
17.4. Public policies and implementation of agroforestry
17.5. Social acceptability
Bibliography
Part V: Outlook on Tropical Agroforestry
18. Tropical Agroforestry for Biofuels Production
Abstract. Introduction
18.1. Tropical agroforestry species with potential for biofuel production
18.2. Studies on biofuels in tropical agroforestry
Bibliography
19. Phytoremediation in Tropical Agroforestry
Abstract
Introduction
19.1. Tropical agroforestry species and plant-symbiont associations with potential for phytoremediation
19.2. Agroforestry systems with potential for phytoremediation in the tropics
19.2.1. Short-rotation woody crop systems and phytoremediation
19.2.2. Riparian buffers and phytoremediation in tropical agroforestry
19.2.3. Hydraulic lift and phytoremediation in tropical agroforestry
19.3. Tropical agroforestry and phytoremediation: next steps
Bibliography
20. Agroforestry and the Carbon Market in the Tropics
Abstract
Introduction
20.1. Carbon payment mechanisms and tropical agroforestry
20.1.1. Carbon contract options on agroforestry
20.2. REDD+ in tropical agroforestry and land tenure
20.3. Economics of REDD+ and PES
Bibliography
21. Agroforestry Modeling
Abstract
Introduction
21.1. Species choice in agroforestry
21.2. Computing tools uses in agroforestry
Bibliography
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Autoren-Porträt von Alain Atangana, Damase Khasa, Scott Chang, Ann Degrande
Alain R. Atangana received a Ph. D. degree in forest genetics from Université Laval, Canada. He researched participatory domestication of high-value multipurpose trees of the humid tropics of Africa using agroforestry techniques for more than ten years. He also investigated rooting ability in priority tree species for domestication using leafy stem cuttings. Alain has published in eleven peer-reviewed journals, including Food Chemistry, Tree Genetics and Genomes, Molecular Ecology Resources, Forest Ecology and Management, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Forest Science and Agroforestry Systems.Dr. Damase Khasa is a Professor and Program director of agroforestry and international forestry at the Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique of Université Laval, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Alberta. He is a regular member of the Centre for Forest Research, the Canada Chair in forest and environmental genomics and the Institute of Integrative and Systems Biology. His research interests include: agroforestry; population and quantitative genetics; development of molecular markers for plant breeding and molecular ecology applications; plant symbioses and biotechnology; reclamation and intensive silviculture in the context of REDD+. Damase has published more than 90 papers in 54 peer-reviewed journals, including Molecular Ecology, Forest Ecology and Management, Forest Science, Tree Genetics and Genomes, Genome, Journal of Molecular Evolution, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Restoration Ecology, American Journal of Botany, World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Mycorrhiza, Microbial Ecology, Tree Physiology, Phytochemistry and Agroforestry Systems.
Dr. Scott Chang is a Professor in Forest Soils and Nutrient Dynamics in the Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Canada. Dr. Chang's research interests are in forest soil processes (N and P cycling in
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particular), soil microbial ecology, carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions, application of 15N and 13C tracers in forest soils research, forest fertilization, tree nutrition, and agroforestry. He has published over 120 peer-reviewed articles. He is currently serving or has served as an associate editor/editorial board member for Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Journal of Soils and Sediments, Acta Ecologica Sinica (International Journal), Biology and Fertility of Soils, and Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. He has co-edited several special issues in peer-reviewed journals. He is Past Chair of the Alberta Soil Science Workshop and the Forest, Range and Wildland Soils Division of the Soil Science Society of America.
Dr. Ir. Ann Degrande is a socio-economist, currently employed with the World Agroforestry Centre, based in Cameroon, studying adoption of innovations. She is developing mechanisms and processes of scaling-out/up of promising agroforestry technologies. She manages networks and partnerships with government, NGOs and CBOs in Central Africa. She has also extensive experience in training need assessment, development of training tools and material and has supervised many BSc, MSc and PhD students. Ann has provided technical leadership in numerous socio-economic and baseline surveys and is knowledgeable in project monitoring and evaluation.
Dr. Ir. Ann Degrande is a socio-economist, currently employed with the World Agroforestry Centre, based in Cameroon, studying adoption of innovations. She is developing mechanisms and processes of scaling-out/up of promising agroforestry technologies. She manages networks and partnerships with government, NGOs and CBOs in Central Africa. She has also extensive experience in training need assessment, development of training tools and material and has supervised many BSc, MSc and PhD students. Ann has provided technical leadership in numerous socio-economic and baseline surveys and is knowledgeable in project monitoring and evaluation.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Alain Atangana , Damase Khasa , Scott Chang , Ann Degrande
- 2013, 2014, XXVI, 380 Seiten, 27 farbige Abbildungen, Masse: 16 x 24,1 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Springer Netherlands
- ISBN-10: 9400777221
- ISBN-13: 9789400777224
- Erscheinungsdatum: 14.11.2013
Sprache:
Englisch
Pressezitat
From the book reviews:"Atangana (Univ. of Alberta, Canada), along with two colleagues from Canada and one from Cameroon, have done an excellent job of presenting the basic ideas and supporting them with examples from throughout the tropics. ... the book is an important resource because of its clear presentation and broad coverage. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates, graduate students, researchers/faculty, and professionals/practitioners." (B. D. Orr, Choice, Vol. 51 (11), July, 2014)
"The 21 chapters of the 380-page book are organized into five major thematic sections (Parts I-V) related to tropical agroforestry. ... present the current status of the subject matter in a concise, balanced, and non-controversial form and simple language that is understandable to both the teacher and the taught. ... the book is an outstanding contribution to the development of agroforestry and the reviewer once again congratulate the authors on this significant achievement." (P. K. R. Nair, Agroforestry Systems, Vol. 88, 2014)
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