The Energetics of Mangrove Forests

Preface.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Trees and Canopies. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Biomass Allocation. 2.2.1 Partitioning of Tree Components. 2.2.2 Global Patterns of Mangrove Biomass. 2.2.3 Nutrient Capital. 2.3 Ecophysiology. 2.3.1 Anoxia. 2.3.2 Salt. 2.3.3 Balancing Carbon Gain and Water Loss. 2.4 Tree Photosynthesis and Respiration. 2.4.1 Photosynthetic Rates. 2.4.2 Respiration. 2.5 Primary Productivity. 2.5.1 Methods and Their Limitations. 2.5.2 Carbon Allocation of Primary Productivity. 2.5.3 Rates and Patterns of Net Primary Productivity. 2.5.4 Nutrient Limitation and Nutrient-Use Efficiency. 2.5.5 Other Primary Producers. 2.6 Life in the Canopy and Root Epibionts.-3. Water and Sediment Dynamics. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Tides. 3.2.1 Flow in Relation to Geomorphology. 3.2.2 Flow in Relation to Vegetation and other Biological Structures. 3.3 Groundwater. 3.4 Waves. 3.5 Sediment Transport and Flocculation. 3.6 Sedimentation and Accretion: Short-Term versus Long-Term Dynamics. 3.7 Chemical and Biological Consequences of Water and Sediment Flow.- 4. Life in Tidal Waters. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Physicochemical and Biochemical Attributes. 4.3 Loops, Chains, and Hubs in the Microbial Machinery. 4.4 Phytoplankton Dynamics. 4.5 Are Mangrove Waters Net Heterotrophic or Autotrophic? 4.6 Zooplankton. 4.6.1 Factors Affecting Abundance, Composition, and Biomass. 4.6.2 Diets and Grazing Rates. 4.6.3 Secondary Production. 4.7 Nekton: Diets, Growth, and Trophic Links. 4.7.1 Penaeid Shrimps. 4.7.2 Fish. 4.8 Is There a Link between Mangroves and Fisheries Production?- 5. The Forest Floor. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Soil Composition and Physicochemical Attributes. 5.3 Life on the Forest Floor. 5.3.1 The Role of Crabs in Consumption of Seeds and Litter. 5.3.2 Patterns of Microbial Decomposition of Litter. 5.3.3 Crabs as Ecosystem Engineers. 5.3.4 Trophic Dynamics of Other Macrobenthos. 5.3.5 Wood Decomposition. 5.3.6 Root Decomposition. 5.4 Microbial Processes in Forest Soils. 5.4.1 Rates and