The Dose Makes the Poison
A Plain-Language Guide to Toxicology
(Sprache: Englisch)
The toxicity of a chemical depends on the dose--the amount of exposure to the substance. The Dose Makes the Poison, Third Edition broadens the scope of its predecessors from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food...
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The toxicity of a chemical depends on the dose--the amount of exposure to the substance. The Dose Makes the Poison, Third Edition broadens the scope of its predecessors from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics, and other compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to this edition are newer hot button issues such as nanoparticle toxicants, secondhand smoke, food contamination, and lead in toys. Written in an easy-to-understand manner, this book is ideal for anyone interested in toxicology.
Klappentext zu „The Dose Makes the Poison “
This new edition of a widely read and highly acclaimed book broadens the scope of its predecessors from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the 3 rd edition are newer issues of the day such as nanoparticulate toxicants, second hand smoke, food contamination, lead in toys , and others. As such, the book provides the basics of toxicology in easy to understand language as well as a fuller understanding of the daily insults to which our bodies are subjected.
An introductory guide to the history, concepts, and practice of toxicology With the advent of serious industrialization in non-Western economies such as China and India, the integrity of our food supply is once again in question and the safety of various consumer products and medicines at risk. Every day, people are exposed to a wide array of chemicals and other potential toxicants--from industrial emissions, the natural environment, drugs, and consumer products. Using broadly accessible language and clear examples, the Third Edition of The Dose Makes the Poison updates its highly acclaimed predecessors and explains the basics and practice of toxicology in easy-to-understand language.
This new edition broadens its scope from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics, and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the Third Edition are recent issues-of-the-day such as bisphenol A, secondhand smoke, food contamination, lead in toys, melamine toxicity to children and pets, and drug recalls. Basic principles of how doses and routes of administration alter toxicity, testing paradigms for drugs and chemicals, and newer technology such as nanoparticles are all addressed and explained. In addition, the book:
- Presents case studies of historical and current interest to illustrate various aspects of toxicology
- Deals with all types of chemicals that we confront every day, including drugs, food additives, vitamins, and others
- Includes an introduction to how chemicals cause harm, the factors that influence toxicity, and the ways that chemicals and drugs are tested to determine their safetys its scope from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics, and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the Third Edition are recent issues-of-the-day such as bisphenol A, secondhand smoke, food contaminat
This new edition broadens its scope from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics, and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the Third Edition are recent issues-of-the-day such as bisphenol A, secondhand smoke, food contamination, lead in toys, melamine toxicity to children and pets, and drug recalls. Basic principles of how doses and routes of administration alter toxicity, testing paradigms for drugs and chemicals, and newer technology such as nanoparticles are all addressed and explained. In addition, the book:
- Presents case studies of historical and current interest to illustrate various aspects of toxicology
- Deals with all types of chemicals that we confront every day, including drugs, food additives, vitamins, and others
- Includes an introduction to how chemicals cause harm, the factors that influence toxicity, and the ways that chemicals and drugs are tested to determine their safetys its scope from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics, and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the Third Edition are recent issues-of-the-day such as bisphenol A, secondhand smoke, food contaminat
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „The Dose Makes the Poison “
- INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD EDITION- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
- INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION
CHAPTER 1: WHAT ARE CHEMICALS?
- ATOMS AND MOLECULES
- NATURAL CHEMICALS
- SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
- CHEMICAL CATEGORIES
- CHEMICALS: "GOOD" AND "BAD"
- WHY THE "GOOD-BAD" DICHOTOMY?
- Man-Made Chemicals Are Man-Made
- Man-Made Chemicals May Not Be Biodegradable
- Man-Made Chemicals May Be Very Complex
CHAPTER 2: WHAT HARM DO CHEMICALS CAUSE?
- HARMFUL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALS
- Explosiveness and Reactivity
- Flammability and Combustibility
- Radioactivity
- Corrosiveness
- Irritation
- Sensitization and Photosensitization
- Toxicity
- Multiple Harmful Properties
- DEFINITION OF POISON
- DEFINITION OF HAZARD
CHAPTER 3: WHAT IS TOXICOLOGY?
- EMPIRICAL TOXICOLOGY
- PARACELSUS AND RAMAZZINI
- A BRIEF HISTORY OF TOXICOLOGY
- TOXICOLOGY TODAY
- WHAT DO TOXICOLOGISTS DO?
CHAPTER 4: WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS?
- ACUTE VERSUS CHRONIC TOXICITY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF DIVIDED DOSES
- ROUTES OF EXPOSURE
- Dermal
- Inhalation
- Oral
- Other Routes of Exposure
- Combinations
- INFLUENCE OF ROUTE ON TOXICITY
- METABOLISM
- ROUTES OF ELIMINATION (EXCRETION)
- OTHER FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TOXICITY
- Species
- Sex
- Age
- Nutrition
- State of Health
- Biochemical Individuality (Genetic Diversity)
- Presence of Other Chemicals
- Adaptation
- Light
CHAPTER 5: HOW IS TOXICOLOGY STUDIED?
- EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritant and Corrosive Effects
- Sensitization and Photosensitization
- Chronic Toxicity
- Mutagenesis
- Carcinogenesis
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity (DART)
- UNITS OF TRACE QUANTITIES
- ANALYTICAL METHODS
- ANIMAL RIGHTS
CHAPTER 6: GENERAL TOXICOLOGY
- ACUTE TOXICITY
- LD50s and LC50s
- Significance of LDs For Humans
- Poison Prevention
- Antidotes
- CHRONIC TOXICITY
- No-Effect Levels and Thresholds
- Margins of Safety
- Sufficient Challenge
-
... mehr
Bioaccumulation
CHAPTER 7: MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS
- MUTAGENESIS
- The Genetic Code
- Mutations
- Significance of Mutations
- Mutation and Cancer
- CARCINOGENESIS
- What Is Cancer?
- Causes of Cancer
- The Role of Mutation
- Incidence of Cancer
- Categories and Characteristics of Carcinogens
- Induction Periods
- Thresholds
- Practical Thresholds
- THE REAL WORLD
- Benzo[a]pyrene
- Cancerophobia
CHAPTER 8: DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
- THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
- Prepuberty Systems
- Adult Systems
- THE DEVELOPING INDIVIDUAL
CHAPTER 9: CASE STUDIES IN TOXICOLOGY
- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATIONS
- Dioxins: Seveso, Italy
- PCBs and Dibenzofurans: Yusho Disease
- Bophal, India
- Minomata Disease
- DDT
- CONSUMER PRODUCTS
- Metals
- Lead and Cadmium
- Zinc
- Plastics
- Phthalates
- Bisphenyl A (BPA)
- INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
- WATER POLLUTION
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- Fen-Phen
- Vioxx(r)
- Thalidomide
CHAPTER 10: EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ORIGINS OF MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES
- STUDY DESIGN: PRECEPTS AND PITFALLS
- UNREASONABLE EXPECTATIONS
- THE PROXIMATE EVENT APPROACH IN ASSIGNING CAUSE
- DISTRUST OF SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
CHAPTER 11: THE STUDY OF RISK
- PUBLIC HEALTH STATISTICS
- INHERENT RISK
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- PERCEIVED RISK
- ACCEPTABLE RISK
- RISK-BENEFIT AND COST-BENEFIT
- RISK COMMUNICATION
- RISK MANAGEMENT
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABBREVIATIONS
- GLOSSARY
- APPENDIX A
CHAPTER 7: MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS
- MUTAGENESIS
- The Genetic Code
- Mutations
- Significance of Mutations
- Mutation and Cancer
- CARCINOGENESIS
- What Is Cancer?
- Causes of Cancer
- The Role of Mutation
- Incidence of Cancer
- Categories and Characteristics of Carcinogens
- Induction Periods
- Thresholds
- Practical Thresholds
- THE REAL WORLD
- Benzo[a]pyrene
- Cancerophobia
CHAPTER 8: DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
- THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
- Prepuberty Systems
- Adult Systems
- THE DEVELOPING INDIVIDUAL
CHAPTER 9: CASE STUDIES IN TOXICOLOGY
- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATIONS
- Dioxins: Seveso, Italy
- PCBs and Dibenzofurans: Yusho Disease
- Bophal, India
- Minomata Disease
- DDT
- CONSUMER PRODUCTS
- Metals
- Lead and Cadmium
- Zinc
- Plastics
- Phthalates
- Bisphenyl A (BPA)
- INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
- WATER POLLUTION
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- Fen-Phen
- Vioxx(r)
- Thalidomide
CHAPTER 10: EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ORIGINS OF MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NONINFECTIOUS DISEASES
- STUDY DESIGN: PRECEPTS AND PITFALLS
- UNREASONABLE EXPECTATIONS
- THE PROXIMATE EVENT APPROACH IN ASSIGNING CAUSE
- DISTRUST OF SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
CHAPTER 11: THE STUDY OF RISK
- PUBLIC HEALTH STATISTICS
- INHERENT RISK
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- PERCEIVED RISK
- ACCEPTABLE RISK
- RISK-BENEFIT AND COST-BENEFIT
- RISK COMMUNICATION
- RISK MANAGEMENT
- BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ABBREVIATIONS
- GLOSSARY
- APPENDIX A
... weniger
Autoren-Porträt von Patricia Frank, M. Alice Ottoboni
Patricia Frank is President of Patricia Frank & Associates, Inc., a consulting firm founded in 1993 that assists companies in the development and registration of human and veterinary pharmaceutical agents. She is a past president of both the American College of Toxicology and the Roundtable of Toxicology Consultants.M. Alice Ottoboni lectures, writes, and consults in the field of toxicology. As Staff Toxicologist with the California State Department of Public Health for over twenty years, she originated, designed, and performed numerous toxicological studies of environmental factors of importance to public health. She is the author of the previous editions of The Dose Makes the Poison.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Patricia Frank , M. Alice Ottoboni
- 2011, 3. Aufl., 256 Seiten, Masse: 15,6 x 23,4 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- ISBN-10: 0470381124
- ISBN-13: 9780470381120
- Erscheinungsdatum: 10.03.2011
Sprache:
Englisch
Rezension zu „The Dose Makes the Poison “
"This is a refreshing, invigorating as well as eye-opening text, which is reading like an exciting novel - even to a seasoned toxicologist ... An appendix to clarify quantities of pollutants plus an index concludes this most valuable introduction into the science of toxicology for a broad readership." (Toxicology, 2011) "I recommend this book to anyone who has ever listened to the evening news and wondered how much of the "chemical scare du jour" is hype and how much of it is fact - and to those who might want to understand basic concepts in toxicology and the related areas of study without having to trudge through a gaggle of 1000-page textbooks." (International Journal of Toxicology, 2011) "Overall, this is a well-written work with wisely chosen and relevant topics. It will be a perfect addition to any science enthusiast's library. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-level undergraduates through professionals/practitioners; general readers." (Choice, 1 September 2011) "The Dose Makes the Poison is more than just an introduction to toxicology. It is an enjoyable read with lots of interesting stories and one I can thoroughly recommend." (Chemistry & Industry, 25 July 2011) "There is much to be applauded in this book from its straightforward layout and honesty to its accessibility ... Many good, and contemporary, examples are provided to deliver greater context for the reader." (The British Toxicology Society Journal, 1 May 2011)
Pressezitat
"This is a refreshing, invigorating as well as eye-opening text, which is reading like an exciting novel - even to a seasoned toxicologist ... An appendix to clarify quantities of pollutants plus an index concludes this most valuable introduction into the science of toxicology for a broad readership." (Toxicology, 2011)"I recommend this book to anyone who has ever listened to the evening news and wondered how much of the "chemical scare du jour" is hype and how much of it is fact - and to those who might want to understand basic concepts in toxicology and the related areas of study without having to trudge through a gaggle of 1000-page textbooks." (International Journal of Toxicology, 2011)
"Overall, this is a well-written work with wisely chosen and relevant topics. It will be a perfect addition to any science enthusiast's library. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-level undergraduates through professionals/practitioners; general readers." (Choice, 1 September 2011)
"The Dose Makes the Poison is more than just an introduction to toxicology. It is an enjoyable read with lots of interesting stories and one I can thoroughly recommend." (Chemistry & Industry, 25 July 2011)
"There is much to be applauded in this book from its straightforward layout and honesty to its accessibility . . . Many good, and contemporary, examples are provided to deliver greater context for the reader." (The British Toxicology Society Journal, 1 May 2011)
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