Modern Methods in Crop Protection Research

Pathways Gene Expression Profiling: Part of a Toolbox for Mode of Action Determination MODERN APPROACHES FOR ELUCIDATING THE MODE OF ACTION OF NEUROMUSCULAR INSECTICIDES Introduction Biochemical and Electrophysiological Approaches Fluorescence-Based Approaches for Mode of Action Elucidation Genomic Approaches for Target Site Elucidation Conclusion NEW TARGETS FOR FUNGICIDES Introduction: Current Fungicide Targets A Retrospective Look at the Discovery of Targets for Fungicides New Sources for New Fungicide Targets in the Future? Methods to Identify a Novel Target for a Given Compound Methods of Identifying Novel Targets without Pre-Existing Inhibitors Non-Protein Targets Resistance Inducers Beneficial Side Effects of Commercial Fungicides Concluding Remarks PART III: New Methods to Improve the Bioavailability of Active Ingredients NEW FORMULATION DEVELOPMENTS Introduction Drivers for Formulation Type Decisions Description of Formulation Types, Their Properties, and Problems during Development Bioavailability Optimization Conclusions and Outlook POLYMORPHISM AND THE ORGANIC SOLID STATE: INFLUENCE ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF AGROCHEMICALS Introduction Theoretical Principles of PolymorphismAnalytical Characterization of Polymorphs Patentability of Polymorphs Summary and Outlook THE DETERMINATION OF ABRAHAM DESCRIPTORS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO CROP PROTECTION RESEARCH Introduction Definition of Abraham Descriptors Determination of Abraham Descriptors: General Approach Determination of Abraham Descriptors: Physical Properties Determination of Abraham Descriptors: ExamplesApplication of Abraham Descriptors: Descriptor Profiles Application of Abraham Descriptors: LFER Analysis Application of Abraham Descriptors: Generality of Approach PART IV: Modern Methods for Risk Assessment ECOLOGICAL MODELING IN PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT: CHANCES AND CHALLENGESIntroduction Ecological Models in the Regulatory Environment An Overview of Model Approaches Regulatory Challenges THE USE OF METABOLOMICS IN VIVO FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS Introduction to Metabolomics MetaMap¿Tox Data Base Evaluation of Metabolome Data Use of Metabolome Data for Development of AgrochemicalsDiscussion Concluding Remarks SAFETY EVALUATION OF NEW PESTICIDE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: ENQUIRY-LED APPROACH TO DATA GENERATION Background What Is the Purpose of Mammalian Toxicity Studies? Addressing the Knowledge Needs of Risk Assessors Opportunities for Generating Data of Direct Relevance to Human Health Risk Assessment within the Existing Testing Paradigm Enquiry-Led Data Generation Strategies ConclusionsENDOCRINE DISRUPTION: DEFINITION AND SCREENING ASPECTS IN THE LIGHT OF THE EUROPEAN CROP PROTECTION LAW Introduction Endocrine Disruption: Definitions Current Regulatory Situation in the EU US EPA Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program and OECD Conceptual Framework for the Testing and Assessment of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals ECETOC Approach Methods to Assess Endocrine Modes of Action and Endocrine-Related Adverse Effects in Screening and Regulatory Contexts Proposal for Decision Criteria for EDCs: Regulatory Agencies INDEX

in the Global Research Herbicides, Agricultural Products, based in Ludwigshafen (Germany). Dr. Witschel is the author and co-author of over 160 patents and scientific publications.