Learn Python the Hard Way

Common Student Questions 63 Exercise 18: Names, Variables, Code, Functions 66 What You Should See 67 Study Drills 68 Common Student Questions 68 Exercise 19: Functions and Variables 70 What You Should See 71 Study Drills 71 Common Student Questions 71 Exercise 20: Functions and Files 74 What You Should See 75 Study Drills 75 Common Student Questions 75 Exercise 21: Functions Can Return Something 78 What You Should See 79 Study Drills 79 Common Student Questions 80 Exercise 22: What Do You Know So Far? 81 What You Are Learning 81 Exercise 23: Read Some Code 82 Exercise 24: More Practice 84 What You Should See 85 Study Drills 85 Common Student Questions 85 Exercise 25: Even More Practice 86 What You Should See 87 Study Drills 88 Common Student Questions 89 Exercise 26: Congratulations, Take a Test! 90 Common Student Questions 90 Exercise 27: Memorizing Logic 92 The Truth Terms 92 The Truth Tables 93 Common Student Questions 94 Exercise 28: Boolean Practice 96 What You Should See 98 Study Drills 98 Common Student Questions 98 Exercise 29: What If 100 What You Should See 100 Study Drills 101 Common Student Questions 101 Exercise 30: Else and If 102 What You Should See 103 Study Drills 103 Common Student Questions 103 Exercise 31: Making Decisions 104 What You Should See 105 Study Drills 105 Common Student Questions 105 Exercise 32: Loops and Lists 106 What You Should See 107 Study Drills 108 Common Student Questions 108 Exercise 33: While-Loops 110 What You Should See 111 Study Drills 111 Common Student Questions 112 Exercise 34: Accessing Elements of Lists 114 Study Drills 115 Exercise 35: Branches and Functions 116 What You Should See 117 Study Drills 118 Common Student Questions 118 Exercise 36: Designing and Debugging 120 Rules for If-Statements 120 Rules for Loops 120 Tips for Debugging 121 Homework 121 Exercise 37: Symbol Review 122 Keywords 122 Data Types 123 String Escape Sequences 124 String Formats 124 Operators 125 Reading Code 126 Study Drills 127 Common Student Questions 127 Exercise 38: Doing Things to Lists 128 What You Should See 129 Study Drills 130 Common Student Questions 130 Exercise 39: Dictionaries, Oh Lovely Dictionaries 132 What You Should See 134 Study Drills 135 Common Student Questions 135 Exercise 40: Modules, Classes, and Objects 138 Modules Are Like Dictionaries 138 What You Should See 142 Study Drills 142 Common Student Questions 143 Exercise 41: Learning to Speak Object Oriented 144 Word Drills 144 Phrase Drills 144 Combined Drills 145 A Reading Test 145 Practice English to Code 147 Reading More Code 148 Common Student Questions 148 Exercise 42: Is-A, Has-A, Objects, and Classes 150 How This Looks in Code 151 About class Name(object) 153 Study Drills 153 Common Student Questions 154 Exercise 43: Basic Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 156 The Analysis of a Simple Game Engine 157 Top Down vs. Bottom Up 161 The Code for "Gothons from Planet Percal #25" 162 What You Should See 167 Study Drills 168 Common Student Questions 168 Exercise 44: Inheritance vs. Composition 170 What Is Inheritance? 170 The Reason for super() 175 Composition 176 When to Use Inheritance or Composition 177 Study Drills 177 Common Student Questions 178 Exercise 45: You Make a Game 180 Evaluating Your Game 180 Function Style 181 Class Style 181 Code Style 182 Good Comments 182 Evaluate Your Game 183 Exercise 46: A Project Skeleton 184 Installing Python Packages 184 Creating the Skeleton Project Directory 185 Testing Your Setup 187 Using the Skeleton 188 Required Quiz 188 Common Student Questions 189 Exercise 47: Automated Testing 190 Writing a Test Case 190 Testing Guidelines 192 What You Should See 192 Study Drills 193 Common Student Questions 193 Exercise 48: Advanced User Input 194 Our Game Lexicon 194 What You Should Test 196 Design Hints 198 Study Drills 198 Common Student Questions 198 Exercise 49: Making Sentences 200 Match and Peek 200 The Sentence Grammar 201 A Word on Exceptions 203 What You Should Test 204 Study Drills 204 Common Student Questions 204 Exercise 50: Your First Website 206 Installing lpthw.web 206 Make a Simple "Hello World" Project 207 What's Going On? 208 Fixing Errors 209 Create Basic Templates 209 Study Drills 211 Common Student Questions 211 Exercise 51: Getting Input from a Browser 214 How the Web Works 214 How Forms Work 216 Creating HTML Forms 218 Creating a Layout Template 220 Writing Automated Tests for Forms 221 Study Drills 223 Common Student Questions 224 Exercise 52: The Start of Your Web Game 226 Refactoring the Exercise 43 Game 226 Sessions and Tracking Users 231 Creating an Engine 232 Your Final Exam 235 Common Student Questions 236 Next Steps 237 How to Learn Any Programming Language 238 Advice from an Old Programmer 241 Appendix: Command Line Crash Course 243 Introduction: Shut Up and Shell 243 Exercise 1: The Setup 245 Exercise 2: Paths, Folders, Directories (pwd) 248 Exercise 3: If You Get Lost 250 Exercise 4: Make a Directory (mkdir) 250 Exercise 5: Change Directory (cd) 252 Exercise 6: List Directory (ls) 256 Exercise 7: Remove Directory (rmdir) 260 Exercise 8: Move Around (pushd, popd) 262 Exercise 9: Make Empty Files (Touch, New-Item) 265 Exercise 10: Copy a File (cp) 266 Exercise 11: Move a File (mv) 269 Exercise 12: View a File (less, MORE) 271 Exercise 13: Stream a File (cat) 272 Exercise 14: Remove a File (rm) 273 Exercise 15: Exit Your Terminal (exit) 275 Command Line Next Steps 276 Index 279