Farm Animal Anesthesia

epidural anesthesia 144Continuous caudal epidural anesthesia 146Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia 147Sacral paravertebral nerve block 148Internal pudendal nerve block 149Dorsal penile nerve block 150Castration 151Teat anesthesia 152Inverted-V block 152Ring block 152Infusion of teat cistern 152Anesthesia of the distal limb 153References 1548 Anesthetic management for specific procedures 155Benjamin Newcomer and Paul WalzUmbilical hernias 156Wounds, lumps, bumps, and abscesses 157Wound management 157Ocular squamous cell carcinoma 158Enucleation 158Entropion 159Abscess removal 159Surgical disorders of the abdomen 159Laparotomy 159Disorders of the forestomachs 161Displacements and volvulus of the abomasum 162Small intestine disorders (intussusception, intestinal volvulus, intestinal obstruction) 162Urolithiasis and ruptured urinary bladder 163Urogenital surgery in the female 164Cesarean section 164Ovariectomy 165Vaginal prolapse 166Perineal laceration 166Urogenital surgery in the male 166Castration 166Penile translocation 168Persistent frenulum 169Penile papilloma 169Epididymectomy 169Vasectomy 169Musculoskeletal indications 170Dehorning 170Claw amputation 171Excision of interdigital fibromas 171Tail docking 171Rectal prolapse 172References 1729 Pain management for farm animals 174HuiChu LinLocal anesthetics 177Systemic pain management 178Opioid analgesics 178Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 183Alpha-2 agonists 187Ketamine 188Gabapentin 188Drug combinations for pain management 189Constant rate infusion 190Local or regional analgesia 197Caudal epidural analgesia 197Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia 198Intra-articular analgesia 200References 20410 Fluid therapy 215Paul WalzGeneral considerations 215Physiology of body fluids 216Patient assessment 218Fluid and electrolyte therapy in the perioperative period 219Quantity and rate of fluid administration 220Fluid type 221Method of administration 224Monitoring fluid administration 226References 22711 Regulatory and legal considerations of anesthetics and analgesics used in food-producing animals 228Thomas PasslerAlpha-2 agonists 231Barbiturates 233Benzodiazepines 233Dissociative anesthetics 234Local anesthetics 235Opioids 236Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 238Phenothiazine derivatives 241Propofol 241References 24312 Euthanasia of farm animals 248Thomas PasslerConsiderations prior to euthanasia 248The process of euthanasia 251Methods of euthanasia 251Injectable euthanasia drugs 252Physical methods 253Adjunctive and other methods of euthanasia 257Considerations subsequent to euthanasia 258References 259Index 263